Analogues of Fenarimol Are Potent Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi and Are Efficacious in a Murine Model of Chagas Disease
摘要:
We report the discovery of nontoxic fungicide fenarimol (1) as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the causative agent of Chagas disease, and the results of structure-activity investigations leading to potent analogues with low nM IC(50)s in a T. cruzi whole cell in vitro assay. Lead compounds suppressed blood parasitemia to virtually undetectable levels after once daily oral dosing in mouse models of T. cruzi infection. Compounds are chemically tractable, allowing rapid optimization of target biological activity and drug characteristics. Chemical and biological studies undertaken in the development of the fenarimol series toward the goal of delivering a new drug candidate for Chagas disease are reported.
3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde: A Model System for Superelectrophilic Activation and the Observation of a Diprotonated Electrophile
作者:Douglas A. Klumpp、Siufu Lau
DOI:10.1021/jo9824908
日期:1999.10.1
3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde (7) has been studied as a model system for superelectrophilic activation. When compound 7 is compared with benzaldehyde (3) in acid-catalyzed condensation reactions with arenes, 7 is more reactive than 3. Compound 7 reacts with chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, or nitrobenzene in CF3SO3H (triflic acid, TfOH) to give diaryl-3-pyridylmethanes, while 3 does not react with these deactivated arenes in TfOH. Moreover, 7 reacts with benzene in solutions as weakly acidic as H-o = -9, while 3 requires acidity in the range of H-o = -11.5 to -14 to reach a comparable level of electrophilic reactivity. Compound 7 was studied in acidic solution by C-13 NMR, and the diprotonated, dicationic species was observed at -60 degrees C in a solution of FSO3H-SbF5.