Carbon–nitrogen bond-forming cross-coupling reaction of haloarenes with N-trimethylsilyl (TMS)-substituted secondary and primary arylamines proceeded with the aid of a palladium catalyst and a fluoride activator. Various TMS-N(aryl)2, TMS-NH(aryl), and TMS-N(alkyl)2 reacted to give the corresponding coupled products in high yields. Multi-TMS-amine nucleophiles such as N,N-(TMS)2-aniline and N,N′-Ph2-N,N′-(TMS)2-p-phenylenediamine also participated in this C–N coupling to give multiply C–N coupled products in high yields. The novel C–N cross-coupling reaction was successfully applied to C–N bond-forming polymerization. Relative rates of the cross-coupling of p-bromotoluene with N-TMS-substituted primary and secondary amines showed that N-TMS-diphenylamine reacted faster than N-TMS-N-methylaniline or N-TMS-aniline, and N-TMS-morpholine was the least reactive, indicating that the low basicity of the nitrogen nucleophile is the key for the smooth coupling.
在
钯催化剂和
氟化物活化剂的帮助下,卤代烯烃与 N-三甲基
硅烷基(TMS)取代的仲芳基和伯芳基胺发生了碳-氮键形成交叉偶联反应。各种 TMS-N(芳基)2、TMS-NH(芳基)和 TMS-N(烷基)2 在高产率下反应生成相应的偶联产物。N,N-(TMS)2-
苯胺和 N,N′-Ph2-N,N′-(TMS)2-
对苯二胺等多重 TMS-amine 亲核物也参与了这种 C-N 偶联反应,从而以高产率得到多重 C-N 偶联产物。新型 C-N 交叉偶联反应被成功应用于 C-N 键形成的聚合反应。
对溴甲苯与 N-TMS 取代的
伯胺和仲胺发生交叉偶联的相对速率表明,N-TMS-
二苯胺的反应速度快于 N-TMS-N-methylaniline 或 N-TMS-aniline,而 N-TMS-morpholine 的反应速度最低,这表明氮亲核体的低碱性是顺利偶联的关键。