AbstractHerein, we report the Cu‐complex catalyzed, native functional group‐assisted, and TFA/NMF additives promoted (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethylation of vinylic C(sp2)−H bond of acrylamides. Using our in‐home designed reagent, this reaction enables the construction of the C(sp2)−CF2SO2Ph bond from simple C−H bond activation by copper catalysis under mild reaction conditions with total Z‐selectivity. The versatility of utilized fluorinated group was illustrated by its conversion into value‐added CF2 moieties as well as the remarkable =CHF residue. The performed experimental and computational mechanistic studies enabled to identify the true nature of active catalyst and substrate, as well as establish critical roles of TFA and NMF additives. In this reaction, the TFA acts as a promoter of the much‐needed CuII/CuII→CuIII/CuI disproportionation, while the NMF facilitates the following ligand exchange and C−C coupling processes. We ruled out the generation of radical intermediates and established the C−H activation to be irreversible and the rate‐determining step of the entire process.
摘要我们在此报告了铜络合物催化、原生官能团辅助和 TFA/NMF 添加剂促进的丙烯酰胺乙烯基 C(sp2)-H键(苯磺酰基)二氟甲基化反应。利用我们自行设计的试剂,该反应可在温和的反应条件下,通过铜催化从简单的 C-H 键活化生成 C(sp2)-CF2SO2Ph 键,并具有完全的 Z 选择性。利用氟化基团将其转化为高附加值的 CF2 分子以及显著的 =CHF 残基,说明了氟化基团的多功能性。通过实验和计算机理研究,确定了活性催化剂和底物的真正性质,并确定了反式脂肪酸和 NMF 添加剂的关键作用。在这一反应中,反式脂肪酸对急需的 CuII/CuII→CuIII/CuI 歧化起到了促进作用,而 NMF 则促进了接下来的配体交换和 C-C 偶联过程。我们排除了自由基中间产物的产生,并确定 C-H 活化是不可逆的,而且是整个过程的速率决定步骤。