Potent Proteasome Inhibitors Derived from the Unnatural cis-Cyclopropane Isomer of Belactosin A: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Mode of Action
摘要:
The natural product belactosin A (1) with a trans-cyclopropane structure is a useful prototype compound for developing potent proteasome (core particle, CP) inhibitors. To date, 1 and its analogues are the only CP ligands that bind to both the nonprimed S1 pocket as well as the primed substrate binding channel; however, these molecules harbor a high IC50 value of more than 1 mu M. We have performed structure activity relationship studies, thereby elucidating unnatural cis-cyclopropane derivatives of 1 that exhibit high potency to primarily block the chymotrypsin-like active site of the human constitutive (cCP) and immunoproteasome (iCP). The most active compound 3e reversibly inhibits cCP and iCP similarly with an IC50 of 5.7 nM. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the yeast proteasome in complex with 3e revealed that the ligand is accommodated predominantly into the primed substrate binding channel and covalently binds to the active site threonine residue via its beta-lactone ring-opening.
Synthesis of fragments of anglerfish pre-proglucagon i mid ii (AGFI and AGFII)
作者:I.J. Galpin、C.A. Leach
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)98817-9
日期:——
Four fragments of the two pre-proglucagons from the Anglerfish (Lophius americanus) have been synthesised. The fragments, AGFI (35-40) and (105-110), and AGFII (34-38) and (103-108) were prepared by solution peptide synthesis using a combination of hydrogenolysable and acid labile protecting groups. The pivalic mixed anhydride method was generally used for coupling although occasionally the DCCI/HOBt
The present invention is concerned with an improved process for the manufacture of mixed anhydrides. The process comprises adding an adjuvant base to a mixture of acid and reactive acid derivative. It is especially suitable for use in the synthesis of peptides and/or for the manufacture of pharmaceutically active substances or corresponding intermediates.
Investigation of the Noncovalent Binding Mode of Covalent Proteasome Inhibitors around the Transition State by Combined Use of Cyclopropylic Strain-Based Conformational Restriction and Computational Modeling
To develop potent covalent inhibitors, the noncovalent interactions around the transition state to form covalent bonding should be optimized because the potency of the inhibitor can be depending on the energy of the transition state. Here, we report an efficient analysis of the noncovalent binding mode of a potent covalent proteasomeinhibitor 3a around the transition state by a combined use of the
Synthesis of 2,3- and 3,4-Methanoamino Acid Equivalents with Stereochemical Diversity and Their Conversion into the Tripeptide Proteasome Inhibitor Belactosin A and Its Highly Potent <i>Cis</i>-Cyclopropane Stereoisomer
A series of chiral 2,3- and 3,4-methanoamino acid equivalents of stereochernical diversity were designed and synthesized from our chiral cyclopropane units, using a diastereoselective Grignard addition with (R)- or (S)-t-butanesulfinyl imines as the key step. These equivalents were converted into the proteasome inhibitor belactosin A and its cis-cyclopropane stereoisomer. The unnatural cis-isomer was shown to be more than twice as potent as belactosin A as a proteasome inhibitor.