2-mercapto-2-methyl-succinic acid | 36303-62-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 脂肪酰基
• 英文名称: 2-mercapto-2-methyl-succinic acid
• 英文别名: 2-Mercapto-2-methyl-bernsteinsaeure；Thiocitramalsaeure；2-Methyl-2-sulfanylbutanedioic acid
• CAS: 36303-62-5
• 化学式: C₅H₈O₄S
• 分子量: 164.182
• InChiKey: DSJILFRWHNOQGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.2
• 重原子数：
  10
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.6
• 拓扑面积：
  75.6
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  5

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2-mercapto-2-methyl-succinic acid 、 氯乙酸 在 sodium hydroxide 作用下， 生成 2-carboxymethylsulfanyl-2-methyl-succinic acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Dedicated Asthma Center Improves the Quality of Care and Resource Utilization for Pediatric Asthma: A Multicenter Study

  摘要：

  **目标:** 确定儿童哮喘治疗在由专门哮喘中心(AC)治疗的患者与将急诊科(ED)作为主要哮喘治疗场所的儿童之间的相对疗效。 **方法:** 使用回顾性病例对照设计。从指定的综合性哮喘中心随机选择AC病例，时间跨度为12个月。对照组ED患者根据两次或以上的ED就诊次数从五所城市医院的所有儿科哮喘病例中确定。病例和对照组根据年龄和美国国立心肺血液研究所(NHLBI)哮喘严重程度分类以1:2的比例进行匹配。向研究样本中所有入组患者的看护者进行了电话调查。 **结果:** 检查了儿童哮喘治疗的四个要素:质量、可及性、住院利用和疾病的功能影响。ED病例和AC对照组的人口统计数据相似。在治疗质量方面，AC患者更有可能使用维持性抗炎药物，60.2% vs 22.5% (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9 至 9.7)，并且更有可能在学校服药，71.4% vs 48.1% (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.5 至 4.7)。在治疗可及性方面，AC家庭更有可能有一个可以联系的医生来协助门诊管理，98.2% vs 65.0% (OR = 25.3; 95% CI = 9.0 至 76.9)。频繁的ED利用(≥ 1 次/月)在AC患者中不太可能，9.2% vs 22.0% (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.16 至 0.79)，缺课率也较低(9.5 ± 6.7 天 vs 16.6 ± 10.3 天, p < 0.001)。此外，AC患者看护者缺工时间也较少(4.7 ± 2.8 vs 7.4 ± 4.1 天; p = 0.03)。 **结论:** 在质量、可及性、资源利用和疾病影响方面，AC和ED患者之间存在显著差异。急诊医生有独特的机会通过将ED患者引导至儿科哮喘中心治疗来改善公共健康。

  DOI：

  10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb00189.x
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2-溴-2-甲基-琥珀酸 在 ammonium hydroxide 作用下， 生成 2-mercapto-2-methyl-succinic acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Psychosomatic Symptoms among Victims of School Bullying

  摘要：

  被欺凌受害与心身健康之间的关联已在挪威856名年龄在13至15岁的学生中进行了研究。应用了多元逻辑回归和线性回归分析。在上个学期有时或更频繁被欺凌的学生，在除失眠外的每种心身症状上的几率明显更高，与从未遭受欺凌的学生相比。在感到情绪低落的分析中观察到最高的几率比。没有看到与性别或年龄的显著交互作用，但与易怒、头痛和背痛的关联在男孩中似乎最为强烈，而与紧张和失眠的关联在女孩中最为强烈。受欺凌的暴露增加与症状数量的显著增加相关。与不同症状的强烈和一致的关联以及剂量-反应关系表明存在因果关系。

  DOI：

  10.1177/135910530100600401

文献信息

• Psychosomatic Symptoms among Victims of School Bullying
  作者：Gerd Karin Natvig、Grethe Albrektsen、Ulla Qvarnstrøm

  DOI：10.1177/135910530100600401

  日期：2001.7

  Associations between being a victim of bullying and psychosomatic health have been examined among 856 Norwegian school adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were applied. Pupils being bullied sometimes or more often during the previous term had significantly higher odds of every psychosomatic symptom except sleeplessness, compared to pupils who reported that they were never exposed to bullying. The highest odds ratio was observed in analysis of feeling low. No significant interactions with gender or age were seen, but the association with irritability, headache and backache tended to be strongest for boys, whereas the association with nervousness and sleeplessness was strongest for girls. Increasing exposure to bullying was associated with a highly significant increase in number of symptoms. The strong and consistent associations with different symptoms and the dose–response relationship suggest a causal relationship.

  被欺凌受害与心身健康之间的关联已在挪威856名年龄在13至15岁的学生中进行了研究。应用了多元逻辑回归和线性回归分析。在上个学期有时或更频繁被欺凌的学生，在除失眠外的每种心身症状上的几率明显更高，与从未遭受欺凌的学生相比。在感到情绪低落的分析中观察到最高的几率比。没有看到与性别或年龄的显著交互作用，但与易怒、头痛和背痛的关联在男孩中似乎最为强烈，而与紧张和失眠的关联在女孩中最为强烈。受欺凌的暴露增加与症状数量的显著增加相关。与不同症状的强烈和一致的关联以及剂量-反应关系表明存在因果关系。
• Dedicated Asthma Center Improves the Quality of Care and Resource Utilization for Pediatric Asthma: A Multicenter Study
  作者：David S. Battleman、Mark A. Callahan、Steven Silber、Cynthia I. Mun∼oz、Lucia Santiago、Joseph Abularrage、Hadi Jabbar

  DOI：10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb00189.x

  日期：2001.7

  Objectives: To determine the relative effectiveness of pediatric asthma care among patients treated by a dedicated asthma center (AC) vs children who use the emergency department (ED) as a site of primary asthma care. Methods: A retrospective case—control design was used. A random sample of AC cases was selected from a designated comprehensive AC over a 12‐month period. Concurrent ED control patients were identified from all cases of pediatric asthma from five urban hospitals based on two or more ED visits. Cases and controls were matched (1:2) based on age and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) asthma severity of illness classification. A telephone survey was administered to the caregivers of all enrolled patients in the study sample. Results: Four elements of pediatric asthma care were examined: quality, access, hospital utilization, and functional impact of disease. Demographic data were similar between the ED cases and the AC controls. In terms of quality of care, the AC patients were more likely to use maintenance antiinflammatory medications, 60.2% vs 22.5% (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9 to 9.7) and more likely to be taking medications at school, 71.4% vs 48.1% (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.5 to 4.7). In terms of access to care, the AC families were more likely to have a physician to call to assist with outpatient management, 98.2% vs 65.0% (OR = 25.3; 95% CI = 9.0 to 76.9). Frequent ED utilization (≥ 1 visit/month) was less likely in the AC patients, 9.2% vs 22.0% (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.79) and school absenteeism was lower as well (9.5 ± 6.7 days vs 16.6 ± 10.3, p < 0.001). Additionally, the caregivers of the AC patients missed fewer workdays (4.7 ± 2.8 vs 7.4 ± 4.1; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Significant disparities in quality, access, resource utilization, and functional impact exist between AC and ED patients. Emergency physicians have a unique opportunity to improve the public health by directing ED patients toward pediatric AC treatment.

  **目标:** 确定儿童哮喘治疗在由专门哮喘中心(AC)治疗的患者与将急诊科(ED)作为主要哮喘治疗场所的儿童之间的相对疗效。 **方法:** 使用回顾性病例对照设计。从指定的综合性哮喘中心随机选择AC病例，时间跨度为12个月。对照组ED患者根据两次或以上的ED就诊次数从五所城市医院的所有儿科哮喘病例中确定。病例和对照组根据年龄和美国国立心肺血液研究所(NHLBI)哮喘严重程度分类以1:2的比例进行匹配。向研究样本中所有入组患者的看护者进行了电话调查。 **结果:** 检查了儿童哮喘治疗的四个要素:质量、可及性、住院利用和疾病的功能影响。ED病例和AC对照组的人口统计数据相似。在治疗质量方面，AC患者更有可能使用维持性抗炎药物，60.2% vs 22.5% (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9 至 9.7)，并且更有可能在学校服药，71.4% vs 48.1% (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.5 至 4.7)。在治疗可及性方面，AC家庭更有可能有一个可以联系的医生来协助门诊管理，98.2% vs 65.0% (OR = 25.3; 95% CI = 9.0 至 76.9)。频繁的ED利用(≥ 1 次/月)在AC患者中不太可能，9.2% vs 22.0% (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.16 至 0.79)，缺课率也较低(9.5 ± 6.7 天 vs 16.6 ± 10.3 天, p < 0.001)。此外，AC患者看护者缺工时间也较少(4.7 ± 2.8 vs 7.4 ± 4.1 天; p = 0.03)。 **结论:** 在质量、可及性、资源利用和疾病影响方面，AC和ED患者之间存在显著差异。急诊医生有独特的机会通过将ED患者引导至儿科哮喘中心治疗来改善公共健康。