Enantioselectivebromolactonization of trisubstituted olefinicacids producing synthetically useful chiral lactones with two contiguous asymmetric centers has remained mainly unexplored except for the 6‐exo cyclization mode. In this work, the 5‐exo‐ and 6‐endo modes of bromocyclization of trisubstituted olefinicacids were enabled for the first time using N‐bromosuccinimide and a pyridyl phosphoramide
Trichloromethylative olefin lactonization was reported. A photoredox iridium catalyst irradiated with blue LEDs promoted the reaction without using hazardous reagents. The mechanistic studies were performed by experimental and theoretical means. The trichloromethyl moiety of the product could be converted to the corresponding dichloroalkene and chloroalkyne in addition to the carboxyl group.
报道了三氯甲基化烯烃内酯化。用蓝色 LED 照射的光氧化还原铱催化剂在不使用危险试剂的情况下促进了反应。通过实验和理论手段进行了机理研究。除羧基外,产物的三氯甲基部分还可转化为相应的二氯烯烃和氯炔。
February asthma outbreaks in NSW: a case control study
作者:Susan Lister、Vicky Sheppeard、Geoffrey Morgan、Stephen Corbett、Jill Kaldor、Richard Henry
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842x.2001.tb00315.x
日期:2001.12
Objectives: To investigate individual factors associated with an asthma outbreak among children aged one to 14 years in Sydney in February 1999. Methods: A case control study was undertaken with cases (n=92) defined as all children admitted to Sydney Children's Hospital for asthma in February 1999. Unmatched controls (n=76) were all children admitted for asthma in the previous three months. We obtained information by a structured telephone survey of parents. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine odds ratios for risk factors for hospital admission. Results: Mean age for hospital admission of 4.7 years for cases and 4.4 years for controls. The presence of one or more siblings reduced the risk of admission during an asthma outbreak (OR=0.59, 95% Cl 0.37 to 0.93). Children with older siblings aged 10 to 14 years were also less likely to be admitted (OR=0.3, 95% Cl 0.12 to 0.74). An age effect was observed. Other demographic, clinical and environmental characteristics, including smoking, were not associated with admission during the outbreak. Conclusions: The main findings of this study are the protective effect of siblings and an age-dependent effect in risk of hospital admission during an asthma outbreak. These findings are consistent with an infective cause of the outbreak. Implications: Children without siblings, particularly older siblings, appear to be at highest risk of hospital admission during an asthma outbreak. Environmental and other factors need to be examined to further explain the episodicity of such outbreaks and to determine means of predicting and preventing future episodes.
Posthysterectomy Vault Eversion with a Large Retroperitoneal Mass
作者:V. L. Handa、K. Jain、K. McCue、P. D. Schneider
DOI:10.1007/pl00004038
日期:2001.8
A woman with complete vaginal eversion was found to have a large pelvic mass, extending from the rectovaginal septum to the presacral space. This 66-year-old woman with posthysterectomy vaginal eversion complained of pelvic fullness. A pessary provided relief of the prolapse, but the symptom of fullness persisted. Physical examination did not identify a pelvic mass. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a 9 cm tumor of the rectovaginal septum, extending to the presacral space. At laparotomy the patient had a massive neurofibroma arising from the anterior rectal wall. This case is of interest because the complete vaginal prolapse obscured the diagnosis of this large pelvic tumor. CT and MRI were useful in identifying and characterizing the mass. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of vaginal prolapse with a large pelvic mass.
Sharma, Mukul; Rajesh, U. Chinna; Rawat, Diwan S., Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2013, vol. 90, # 10, p. 1853 - 1860
作者:Sharma, Mukul、Rajesh, U. Chinna、Rawat, Diwan S.