A General Strategy to Enhance Donor‐Acceptor Molecules Using Solvent‐Excluding Substituents
作者:Conner A. Hoelzel、Hang Hu、Charles H. Wolstenholme、Basel A. Karim、Kyle T. Munson、Kwan Ho Jung、Han Zhang、Yu Liu、Hemant P. Yennawar、John B. Asbury、Xiaosong Li、Xin Zhang
DOI:10.1002/anie.201915744
日期:2020.3.16
β-carbonyl substituent creates a structural buffer between the donor and the surrounding solvent. Through computational and experimental analyses, it is demonstrated that the β-carbonyl simultaneously attenuates two distinct solvent-dependent quenching mechanisms. Using the β-carbonyl substituent, improvements in the photophysical properties of commonly used D-A fluorophores and their enhanced performance
The invention discloses creatine derivatives that are represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), and Formula (III); wherein Z is a functional group; Y is a mitochondrial targeting agent, a cationic ammonium group, or a polypeptide containing at least one positively charged amino acid residue; each R
1
is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or a phosphate group; R
2
a linker; R
3
is a spacer group; R
4
is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic; or R
4
and R
1
, or R
4
and R
3
, together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring, and W is hydrogen or alkyl.
FT-IR study of the conformation and proton acceptor ability of N-tertiobutoxycarbonylsarcosine N′-methylamide and N-tertiobutoxycarbonylsarcosine N′,N′-dimethylacetamide
作者:J. Parmentier、C. Samyn、Th. Zeegers-Huyskens
DOI:10.1016/0584-8539(92)80118-g
日期:1992.8
Two model dipeptides, N-tertiobutoxycarbonylsarcosine N'-methylamide (BSMA) and N-tertiobutoxycarbonylsarcosine N',N'-dimethylamide (BSDA) are investigated by FT-IR spectrometry. The conformation of BSMA is very sensitive to the environment. In solvents of weak polarity (carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane), BSMA accommodates the extended and seven-membered ring conformation, but in 1,2-dichloroethane, the C-7 conformers are greatly destabilized. Hydrogen bonding between BSMA or BSDA and phenols is studied in carbon tetrachloride. The thermodynamic data (equilibrium constants and enthalpies of complex formation) show that the BSMA complexes are stronger than the BSDA complexes. The spectroscopic data suggest that for BSMA, complex formation occurs at the O atom of the amide function while for BSDA about 50% of the complexes are formed on the O atom of the urethane group. The differences between the two sarcosine dipeptides are discussed in terms of cooperative and steric effects. It can be concluded that the global polarity of the medium exerts a greater influence on the conformation of the C-7 dipeptides than the specific interactions taking place on a given site of the molecule.