Structure–activity relationship studies of 4-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl β-d-glucopyranoside derivatives as potent and selective sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) inhibitors with therapeutic activity on postprandial hyperglycemia
摘要:
Sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) plays a dominant role in the absorption of glucose in the gut and is considered a promising target in the development of treatments for postprandial hyperglycemia. A series of 4-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside derivatives have been synthesized, and its inhibitory activity toward SGLTs has been evaluated. By altering the substitution groups at the 5-position of the pyrazole ring, and every position of the phenyl ring, we studied the structure-activity relationship (SAR) profiles and identified a series of potent and selective SGLT1 inhibitors. Representative derivatives showed a dose-dependent suppressing effect on the escalation of blood glucose levels in oral mixed carbohydrate tolerance tests (OCTT) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats (NA-STZ rats). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[EN] 2-AMINO-1,3,4-THIADIAZINE AND 2-AMINO-1,3,4-OXADIAZINE BASED ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS [FR] AGENTS ANTIFONGIQUES À BASE DE 2-AMINO-1,3,4-THIADIAZINE ET DE 2-AMINO-1,3,4-OXADIAZINE
Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of tyrosine-based inhibitors of autotaxin (ATX)
作者:James E. East、Andrew J. Kennedy、Jose L. Tomsig、Alexandra R. De Leon、Kevin R. Lynch、Timothy L. Macdonald
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.030
日期:2010.12
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted soluble enzyme that generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) through its lysophospholipase D activity. Because of LPA's role in neoplastic diseases, ATX is an attractive therapeutic target due to its involvement in LPA biosynthesis. Here we describe the SAR of ATX inhibitor, VPC8a202, and apply this SAR knowledge towards developing a high potency inhibitor. We found that electron density in the pyridine region greatly influences activity of our inhibitors at ATX. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Indazole-Based Liver X Receptor (LXR) Modulators with Maintained Atherosclerotic Lesion Reduction Activity but Diminished Stimulation of Hepatic Triglyceride Synthesis
作者:Jay Wrobel、Robert Steffan、S. Marc Bowen、Ronald Magolda、Edward Matelan、Rayomand Unwalla、Michael Basso、Valerie Clerin、Stephen J. Gardell、Ponnal Nambi、Elaine Quinet、Jason I. Reminick、George P. Vlasuk、Shuguang Wang、Irene Feingold、Christine Huselton、Tomas Bonn、Mathias Farnegardh、Tomas Hansson、Annika Goos Nilsson、Anna Wilhelmsson、Edouard Zamaratski、Mark J. Evans
DOI:10.1021/jm800799q
日期:2008.11.27
A series of substituted 2-benzyl-3-aryl-7-trifluoromethylindazoles were prepared as LXR modulators. These compounds were partial agonists in transactivation assays when compared to 1 (T0901317) and were slightly weaker with respect to potency and efficacy on LXR alpha than on LXR beta. Lead compounds in this series 12 (WAY-252623) and 13 (WAY-214950) showed less lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells than potent full agonists 1 and 3 (WAY-254011) but were comparable in efficacy to 1 and 3 with respect to cholesterol efflux in THP-1 foam cells, albeit weaker in potency. Compound 13 reduced aortic lesion area in LDLR knockout mice equivalently to 3 or positive control 2 (GW3965). In a 7-day hamster model, compound 13 showed a lesser propensity for plasma TG elevation than 3, when the compounds were compared at doses in which they elevated ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression in duodenum and liver at equal levels. In contrast to results previously published for 2, the lack of TG effect of 13 correlated with its inability to increase liver fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expression, which was up-regulated 4-fold by 3. These results suggest indazoles such as 13 may have an improved profile for potential use as a therapeutic agent.