Serotoninergic properties of new conformationally restricted benzamides
摘要:
A new series of benzamides derived from metoclopramide have been synthesized, in which the vicinal carbon of the basic nitrogen atom of the ethyl chain is situated on the C-3, C-4, C-5 and C-6 rings. The diamino derivatives were prepared through Strecker's reaction from the corresponding ketones except for the cyclopropyl derivatives where 1-ethoxy-1-trimethylsiloxy cyclopropane was used as the starting material. The benzamides were prepared using the mixed anhydride method. They were tested in binding assays for D-2, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. The results show a marked increase in the selectivity and potency of these derivatives for 5-HT3 receptors with regard to metoclopramide (compound 1d: 5-HT3 K-i = 9.03 nM; 5-HT4 K-i > 5000; D-2 K-i > 5000). The influences of steric hindrance and hydrophobic properties on the affinity of benzamide derivatives for 5-HT3 receptors were also emphasized by these data. The X-ray crystal structure of compound 1d was compared with that of the minimal energy conformer of BRL 24682, a reference 5-HT3 receptor antagonist benzamide, determined using the Random Search program. Superimposition of the two structures showed a suitable fit between the pharmacophore groups previously determined to be important for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. On the other hand, the hydrophobic parts of the basic moieties had different spatial occupancies.
Serotoninergic properties of new conformationally restricted benzamides
摘要:
A new series of benzamides derived from metoclopramide have been synthesized, in which the vicinal carbon of the basic nitrogen atom of the ethyl chain is situated on the C-3, C-4, C-5 and C-6 rings. The diamino derivatives were prepared through Strecker's reaction from the corresponding ketones except for the cyclopropyl derivatives where 1-ethoxy-1-trimethylsiloxy cyclopropane was used as the starting material. The benzamides were prepared using the mixed anhydride method. They were tested in binding assays for D-2, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. The results show a marked increase in the selectivity and potency of these derivatives for 5-HT3 receptors with regard to metoclopramide (compound 1d: 5-HT3 K-i = 9.03 nM; 5-HT4 K-i > 5000; D-2 K-i > 5000). The influences of steric hindrance and hydrophobic properties on the affinity of benzamide derivatives for 5-HT3 receptors were also emphasized by these data. The X-ray crystal structure of compound 1d was compared with that of the minimal energy conformer of BRL 24682, a reference 5-HT3 receptor antagonist benzamide, determined using the Random Search program. Superimposition of the two structures showed a suitable fit between the pharmacophore groups previously determined to be important for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. On the other hand, the hydrophobic parts of the basic moieties had different spatial occupancies.
New potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have been designed from the naphthalimide moiety and a quinuclidine heterocycle and the structure-activity relationships are discussed here on the basis of the nature of the substituent on the aromatic system. The biological activity of the compounds was evaluated in binding assays with [H-3]BRL-43694 and by inhibition of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Compound 22 with a 4-amino substituent was equipotent to the reference compounds. In contrast to the benzamide derivatives, the activity resides essentially in the (R) enantiomer (K-i = 0.15 +/- 0.05 nM, ID50 = 1.6 mu g/kg/iv) and it is demonstrated that the additional carbonyl group is involved in the inversion of the enantioselectivity of the receptor. Conformational studies of (R)-22 demonstrated the presence of a locked structure with 4 minimal energy conformers which were compared to those of (S)-zacopride. The superimposition of the putative active conformers emphasized the presence of a second polar group in the binding site. The fluorescent properties of the compounds were studied and indicate that (R)-22 and its derivatives may be promising tools for the direct visualization of 5-HT3 receptors.