Hammett Correlation of Nornicotine Analogues in the Aqueous Aldol Reaction: Implications for Green Organocatalysis
摘要:
A series of meta- and para-substituted 2-arylpyrrolidines were synthesized and examined for their ability to catalyze an aqueous aldol reaction under buffered conditions. Kinetic analysis of arylpyrrolidine-catalyzed reactions displayed a linear Hammett correlation with rho = 1.14 (R-2 = 0.996), indicating that the reaction is accelerated by electron-withdrawing aryl rings. These results show promise for the development of a synthetically viable aqueous organo-catalyst.
A Systematic Study of Nitrated Indenoisoquinolines Reveals a Potent Topoisomerase I Inhibitor
摘要:
The biological activity of indenoisoquinoline topoisomerase I inhibitors is significantly enhanced by nitration of the isoquinoline ring. In the present study, nitrated analogues were synthesized with the indenone ring substituted with methoxy groups to further explore a previously identified structure-activity relationship between the nitrated isoquinoline ring and a methylenedioxy-substituted indenone ring. The results indicate that a single methoxy group at the 9-position of an indenoisoquinoline affords superior biological activity. Hypothetical binding models have been developed to rationalize these results, and they indicate that pi-stacking between the indenoisoquinolines and the DNA base pairs, as visualized by electrostatic complementarity, is important for the intercalation and biological activity of the indenoisoquinoline analogues. Collectively, the analysis of methoxy groups on the indenone ring also illustrates a strict steric requirement for substituents extending toward the nonscissile DNA backbone and emphasizes a need for planarity to afford potent biological activity.
Hammett Correlation of Nornicotine Analogues in the Aqueous Aldol Reaction: Implications for Green Organocatalysis
作者:Claude J. Rogers、Tobin J. Dickerson、Andrew P. Brogan、Kim D. Janda
DOI:10.1021/jo050161r
日期:2005.4.1
A series of meta- and para-substituted 2-arylpyrrolidines were synthesized and examined for their ability to catalyze an aqueous aldol reaction under buffered conditions. Kinetic analysis of arylpyrrolidine-catalyzed reactions displayed a linear Hammett correlation with rho = 1.14 (R-2 = 0.996), indicating that the reaction is accelerated by electron-withdrawing aryl rings. These results show promise for the development of a synthetically viable aqueous organo-catalyst.
A Systematic Study of Nitrated Indenoisoquinolines Reveals a Potent Topoisomerase I Inhibitor
The biological activity of indenoisoquinoline topoisomerase I inhibitors is significantly enhanced by nitration of the isoquinoline ring. In the present study, nitrated analogues were synthesized with the indenone ring substituted with methoxy groups to further explore a previously identified structure-activity relationship between the nitrated isoquinoline ring and a methylenedioxy-substituted indenone ring. The results indicate that a single methoxy group at the 9-position of an indenoisoquinoline affords superior biological activity. Hypothetical binding models have been developed to rationalize these results, and they indicate that pi-stacking between the indenoisoquinolines and the DNA base pairs, as visualized by electrostatic complementarity, is important for the intercalation and biological activity of the indenoisoquinoline analogues. Collectively, the analysis of methoxy groups on the indenone ring also illustrates a strict steric requirement for substituents extending toward the nonscissile DNA backbone and emphasizes a need for planarity to afford potent biological activity.