A straightforward synthesis of amides, ureas, and esters is reported by visible-light cross-dehydrogenating coupling (CDC) of aldehydes (or amine carbaldehydes) and amines/R-OTBS ethers by photoredoxcatalysis. The reaction is found to be general and high yielding. A plausible mechanistic pathway has been proposed for these transformations and is supported by appropriate controlled experiments.
Synthesis of amides through an oxidative amidation of tetrazoles with aldehydes under transition-metal-free conditions
作者:Juan Du、Kai Luo、Xiuli Zhang
DOI:10.1039/c4ra07658c
日期:——
A simple, inexpensive and efficient one-pot synthesis of amides was achieved in good yields via the direct oxidativeamidation of tetrazoles with aldehydes under transition-metal-free conditions.
Buu-Hoi; Hoan, Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, 1949, vol. 68, p. 5,29
作者:Buu-Hoi、Hoan
DOI:——
日期:——
Social Psychological Models of Choice Behavior and Drivers' Left Turns
作者:W. Andrew Harrell、Louise M. Spaulding
DOI:10.1080/00224540109600583
日期:2001.12
The authors reanalyzed data from a simulated left-turn experiment (P A. Hancock, J. K. Caird, S. Shekhar, & M. Vercruyssen, 1991) to test the adequacy of the nonlinear Gray-Tallman satisfaction balance model of choice behavior (L. N. Gray & I. Tallman, 1984) in predicting left turns. Participants (Hancock et al., 1991) were 40 experienced U.S. drivers who were exposed to simulated oncoming traffic; the size of the vehicle (motorcycle, compact vehicle, full-sized vehicle, delivery truck), its speed (10-70 mph, or 16-112 kmph), and the intervehicle time gap (3-9 s) varied. Hancock et al. (1991) measured (a) the likelihood of a left turn and (b) the occurrence of a collision. The probability of a left turn was greater for larger intervehicle time gaps and for oncoming smaller vehicles traveling at higher speeds. The Gray-Tallman (1984) model explained 69% of the variation in turning versus 57% for a linear regression model. In making decisions people tend to treat the values and costs affecting choices in a multiplicative, rather than linear, fashion. The Gray-Tallman model also has the potential for incorporating, both theoretically and mathematically, an unlimited range of potential values and costs that may influence left turn decisions.