Concurrent formation of furan-2,5- and furan-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: unexpected aspects of the Henkel reaction
作者:Shanmugam Thiyagarajan、Aliaksei Pukin、Jacco van Haveren、Martin Lutz、Daan S. van Es
DOI:10.1039/c3ra42457j
日期:——
The concurrent formation of furan-2,5- and furan-2,4-dicarboxylic acid under solvent free conditions via a disproportionation reaction is described. By reacting potassium-2-furoate at 260 °C in the presence of 22 mol% of (Lewis acidic) catalysts like CdI2 or ZnCl2, potassium-2-furoate is disproportionated to furan and furandicarboxylic acids. Besides furan and furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) as the main products, furan-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (2,4-FDCA) is also formed as a by-product. Experimental evidence has been obtained that, under the reaction conditions applied, 2,5-FDCA and 2,4-FDCA are formed by separate reaction pathways. Selectivity towards the different FDCA isomers is affected by the type of catalyst used. Single-crystal X-ray analysis shows that 2,4-FDCA has a more ‘linear’ character compared to 2,5-FDCA and hence is structurally more comparable to terephthalic acid (TA), making it an interesting monomer for synthetic polyesters.
介绍了在无溶剂条件下通过歧化反应同时生成呋喃-2,5-和呋喃-2,4-二羧酸的过程。在 22 摩尔%(路易斯酸)催化剂(如 CdI2 或 ZnCl2)存在下,2-糠酸钾在 260 °C 下发生反应,歧化生成呋喃和呋喃二甲酸。除了主要产物呋喃和呋喃-2,5-二羧酸(2,5-FDCA)外,副产物还有呋喃-2,4-二羧酸(2,4-FDCA)。实验证明,在所采用的反应条件下,2,5-FDCA 和 2,4-FDCA 是通过不同的反应途径生成的。对不同 FDCA 异构体的选择性受所用催化剂类型的影响。单晶 X 射线分析表明,与 2,5-FDCA 相比,2,4-FDCA 更具有 "线性 "特征,因此在结构上更类似于对苯二甲酸 (TA),使其成为合成聚酯的有趣单体。