Ginger is one of the most commonly used fresh herbs and spices. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)-induced diarrhea is the leading cause of infant death in developing countries. In this study, we demonstrated that ginger significantly blocked the binding of LT to cell-surface receptor G(M1), resulting in the inhibition of fluid accumulation in the closed ileal loops of mice. Biological-activity-guided searching for active components showed that zingerone (vanillylacetone) was the likely active constituent responsible for the antidiarrheal efficacy of ginger. Further analysis of chemically synthesized zingerone derivatives revealed that compound 31 (2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]benzoic acid) significantly suppressed LT-induced diarrhea in mice via an excellent surface complementarity with the B subunits of LT. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that ginger and its derivatives may be effective herbal supplements for the clinical treatment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea.
Sustainable, mild and efficient p-methoxybenzyl ether deprotections utilizing catalytic DDQ
作者:Katie Walsh、Helen F. Sneddon、Christopher J. Moody
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.003
日期:2014.10
A procedure for the selective deprotection of p-methoxybenzyl ethersusingcatalyticamounts of DDQ and of sodium nitrite, with oxygen as the terminal oxidant, is reported.
Synthesis of novel 5-oxaprotoberberines as bioisosteres of protoberberines
作者:Yifeng Jin、Daulat Bikram Khadka、Su Hui Yang、Chao Zhao、Won-Jea Cho
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.01.020
日期:2014.2
5-Oxaprotoberberinones and 5-oxaprotoberberinium were synthesized as bioisosteres of protoberberines. 5-Oxaprotoberberinones were prepared by linking phenol with the isoquinolone ring of 3-phenolisoquinolones by methyleneoxy bridge, while the quaternary 5-oxaprotoberberinium salt was synthesized by reduction and oxidation of the lactam moiety of 5-oxaprotoberberinone.