Syntheses of four d- and l-hexoses via diastereoselective and enantioselective dihydroxylation reactions
摘要:
An expeditious approach to various protected hexoses has been developed by the use of the Sharpless catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction. Applying the Sharpless catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction on vinylfuran, diols with high enantioexcess are produced. The resulting diols call be stereoselectively transformed into either protected D- or L-mannose in five steps and approximately 39% yield from furfural. Similarly, both D- and L-talose and gulose have been synthesized in 19% overall yields, respectively. Using a modified strategy, both protected D- and L-gulo- and allo-sugar-delta-lactones were synthesized in eight steps and similar to 20% overall yield from furfural. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hydrazines and Azides via the Metal-Catalyzed Hydrohydrazination and Hydroazidation of Olefins
作者:Jérôme Waser、Boris Gaspar、Hisanori Nambu、Erick M. Carreira
DOI:10.1021/ja062355+
日期:2006.9.1
which the H and the N atoms come from two different reagents, a silane and an oxidizing nitrogen source (azodicarboxylate or sulfonyl azide). The hydrohydrazination reaction using di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate is characterized by its ease of use, large functional group tolerance, and broad scope, including mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted olefins. Key to the development of the hydroazidation
报道了 Co 和 Mn 催化的烯烃加氢肼和加氢叠氮化反应的发现、研究和实施。这些反应等效于 CC 双键与受保护的肼或偶氮酸的直接加氢胺化,但基于不同的概念,其中 H 和 N 原子来自两种不同的试剂,硅烷和氧化性氮源(偶氮二羧酸或磺酰叠氮化物) )。使用偶氮二羧酸二叔丁酯的加氢肼反应具有使用方便、官能团耐受性大、适用范围广的特点,包括单、二、三和四取代烯烃。氢叠氮化反应发展的关键是使用磺酰叠氮化物作为氮源和叔丁基过氧化氢的活化作用。发现该反应对于单、二和三取代烯烃的官能化是有效的,并且只有少数官能团是不能容忍的。获得的烷基叠氮化物是通用中间体,可以在不分离叠氮化物的情况下转化为游离胺或三唑。初步的机理研究表明,烯烃的氢化钴是限速的,然后是胺化反应。不能排除并可能涉及自由基中间体。然后进行胺化反应。不能排除并可能涉及自由基中间体。然后进行胺化反应。不能排除并可能涉及自由基中间体。
C2-Alkenylation of N-heteroaromatic compounds via Brønsted acid catalysis
作者:Giacomo E. M. Crisenza、Elizabeth M. Dauncey、John F. Bower
DOI:10.1039/c6ob00705h
日期:——
simple Brønsted acid catalysed union of diverse heteroarene N-oxides with alkenes. The approach is notable because (a) it is operationally simple, (b) the Brønsted acid catalyst is cheap, non-toxic and sustainable, (c) the N-oxide activator disappears during the reaction, and (d) water is the sole stoichiometric byproduct of the process. The new protocol offers orthogonal functional group tolerance to
Deoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks: Oxorhenium-Catalyzed Deoxydehydration of Sugars and Sugar Alcohols
作者:Mika Shiramizu、F. Dean Toste
DOI:10.1002/anie.201203877
日期:2012.8.6
important for the conversion of biomass into chemicals and fuels. The methyltrioxorhenium‐catalyzed deoxydehydration reaction was successfully applied to this purpose using another alcohol as solvent/reductant. The reaction was highly stereospecific, affording linear polyene products from C4–C6 sugar alcohols and aromatic compounds from C4–C6 sugars.
Synthesis of <scp>d</scp>- and <scp>l</scp>-Deoxymannojirimycin via an Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation of Vinylfuran
作者:Michael H. Haukaas、George A. O'Doherty
DOI:10.1021/ol006907j
日期:2001.2.1
[figure: see text] The Sharpless catalytic asymmetricaminohydroxylation has been applied to 2-vinylfuran, producing beta-hydroxyfurfurylamine 5a with enantioexcess of > 86% and 21% yield from furfural. The Cbz and TBS protected amino alcohol 5a was converted into both the D- and L-isomers of deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ) and deoxygulonojirimycin in five to seven steps and 48% and 66% overall yields. The
Development of Solvent-Driven Iron-Catalyzed Reactions
作者:Toshiyuki Itoh
DOI:10.3987/rev-16-842
日期:——
The possibility of solvent-driven iron-catalyzed reactions has been investigated using ionic liquids and acetonitrile as key solvents. Three iron-catalyzed reactions, the intramolecular cyclization of cyclopropane dithioacetals, the [2+2]-cycloaddition of (trans)-anethole, and the [2+3]-type cycloaddition of styrene derivatives with 1,4-benzoquinone, were first developed using acetonitrile as solvent in the presence of 3 similar to 5 mol% of Fe(ClO4)(3)center dot Al2O3 or Fe(BF4)(2)center dot 6H(2)O under air conditions. In particular, we found the rapid cycloaddition of iron-catalyzed [2+3]-type cycloaddition of styrene derivatives with 1,4-benzoquinone when the reaction was carried out in an ionic liquid which contained [PF6] or [Tf2N] anion. Homo-coupling reaction of aryl or alkynyl Grignard reagent was next discovered using 1 mol% of FeCl3 as catalyst and the reaction also proceeded very rapidly in an ionic liquid. We also found that 3-5 mol% of Fe(ClO4)(2)center dot Al2O3 or Fe(BF4)(2)center dot 6H(2)O-successfully catalyzed Friedel-Crafts type alkylation of indoles or pyrroles with vinyl ketones or alpha-aryl-beta-silylalcohol. In particular, the reaction of chiral alpha-aryl-beta-silylalcohol with indole using Fe(ClO4)(3)center dot nH(2)O as catalyst proceeded with retention of the configuration of stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group. Then, we discovered the first example of iron-catalyzed enantioselective C-S bond formation via Michael addition of thiols to (E)-3-crotonoyloxazolidin-2-one using 10 mol% of Fe(BF4)(2)/Pybox. We further demonstrated that Fe(ClO4)(3)center dot Al2O3-catalyzed the Nazarov type cyclizations of thiophene, pyrrole, indole, benzofuran, and benzo[b]thiophene derivatives using ionic liquids as solvent. Solvents have been recognized as a by-player in chemical reactions in the process of "optimization of reaction conditions". However, further investigation of the solvent-driven iron-catalyzed reaction will allow discovery of useful reactions for organic syntheses.