NUCLEOTIDE DERIVATIVE OR SALT THEREOF, NUCLEOTIDE-DERIVED 5'-PHOSPHATE ESTER OR SALT THEREOF, NUCLEOTIDE-DERIVED 3'-PHOSPHORAMIDITE COMPOUND OR SALT THEREOF, AND POLYNUCLEOTIDE
Side-chain-type anion exchange membranes bearing pendant quaternary ammonium groups via flexible spacers for fuel cells
作者:Chen Xiao Lin、Xiao Ling Huang、Dong Guo、Qiu Gen Zhang、Ai Mei Zhu、Mei Ling Ye、Qing Lin Liu
DOI:10.1039/c6ta05090e
日期:——
To realize high performance anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for alkalinefuelcells (AFCs), a series of quaternized poly(ether sulfone)s (PESs) with different lengths of flexible spacers linking cationic groups and the backbone was synthesized via nucleophilic polycondensation, demethylation and Williamson reactions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase images show clear hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase
为实现用于碱性燃料电池(AFC)的高性能阴离子交换膜(AEM),通过亲核缩聚,脱甲基化反应合成了一系列具有不同长度的柔性间隔基连接阳离子基团和主链的季铵化聚醚砜(PES)。和威廉姆森的反应。原子力显微镜(AFM)相图像显示了所有侧链型AEM的清晰的亲水/疏水相分离。PES- n- QA膜在阳离子基团和主链(苯环)之间具有亚己氧基间隔基(n = 6),表现出最大电导率为62.7 mS cm -1(IEC = 1.48 meq。g -1)在80°C下。的AEM材料被发现通过延伸所述柔性间隔物(的长度为具有改善的长期稳定性的碱性Ñ ≥4)。具有柔性十二烯氧基间隔基的PES-12-QA膜表现出最高的碱性稳定性,在60°C的1 M KOH水溶液中浸泡720 h后,电导率和IEC仅下降了8.1%和6.9%。此外,使用PES-6-QA作为AEM的单燃料电池性能测试显示,在60°C的电流密度为250 mA
A microscopic hydrophobicity parameter
作者:F. M. Menger、U. V. Venkataram
DOI:10.1021/ja00271a029
日期:1986.5
Le laurate de nitro-4 phenyle dans l'eau forme des agregats dans lesquels les groupes esters s'hydrolysent lentement. Des sels, de formule generale RN(CH 3 ) 3 + X − rompent ou detruisent les agregats. Les groupes esters sont alors deproteges et les vitesses d'hydrolyse observees croissent. L'importance de l'accroissement de vitesse depend de R
Le laurate de nitro-4 phenyle dans l'eau forme des agregats dans lesquels les groupesesters s'hydrolysent lentement。Desels, deformule generale RN(CH 3 ) 3 + X − rompent ou detruisent les agregats。Les groupesesters sont alors deproteges et les vitesses d'hydrolyse 观察羊角面包。L'importance de l'accroissement de vitesse depends de R
Intramolecular Halogen Transfer via Halonium Ion Intermediates in the Gas Phase
calculation for CH2–N bond cleavage process of protonated 2-bromo-N,N-dimethylethanamine supports the formation of this intermediate. The bromoniumion intermediate-involved halogen transfer mechanism is supported by an examination of the ion/molecule reaction between isolated ethylenebromonium ion and triethylamine, which generates the N-bromo-N,N,N-triethylammonium cation. For other halogens, Cl and I also
卤素取代的质子化胺和季铵离子(R 1 R 2 R 3 N + CH 2(CH 2)n X的碎片,其中X = F,Cl,Br,I,n = 1、2、3、4通过电喷雾电离串联质谱研究。在碰撞诱导的离解中观察到由卤素转移引起的特征性碎片离子(R 1 R 2 R 3 N + X)。提出了一种分子内卤素转移的新机制,该机制涉及一种反应性中间体[胺/ hal离子]。使用DFT计算CH 2的势能表面扫描质子化的2-溴-N,N-二甲基乙胺的-N键裂解过程支持该中间体的形成。通过检查分离的乙烯溴鎓离子与三乙胺之间的离子/分子反应来支持涉及溴离子中间体的卤素转移机理,该反应会生成N-溴-N,N,N-三乙基铵阳离子。对于其他卤素,Cl和I也可以参与类似的分子内卤素转移,但F不能参与。随着卤素(代表溴)和胺之间碳链的延长,卤素的迁移能力降低。当碳链包含两个或三个CH 2时单位(n = 1,2),可以进行正式的溴阳离子转移,当n
Process for removing bile salts from a patient and alkylated compositions therefor
申请人:GelTex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
公开号:US20010044519A1
公开(公告)日:2001-11-22
The invention relates to a method for removing bile salts from a patient in need thereof and compositions useful in the method. The method comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a salt of an alkylated and crosslinked polymer. The alkylated and crosslinked polymer salt comprises the reaction product of crosslinked polymers, or salts and copolymers thereof having amine containing repeat units, with at least one aliphatic alkylating agent.
A method for treating pathogenic toxins in a mammal, such as a human, comprising treating the mammal with a therapeutically effective amount of a polymer comprising a cationic group attached to the polymer backbone. The polymer can be a homopolymer or a copolymer. In one embodiment, the polymer is a copolymer comprising a monomer having a pendant ammonium group and a hydrophobic monomer.