2-Pyrones possessing antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities
摘要:
The 2-pyrone sub-unit is found in a number of natural products possessing broad spectrum biological activity. Such compounds are validated as being capable of binding to specific protein domains and able to exert a remarkable range of biological effects. In an effort to identify synthetic 2-pyrones with interesting biological effects, herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-substituted-6-methyl-2-pyrones. Synthetic routes to 4-alkyl/alkenyl/aryl/alkynyl-6-methyl-2-pyrones have been developed utilising Sonogashira, Suzuki and Negishi cross-coupling starting from readily available 4-bromo-6-methyl-2-pyrone. Specific conditions for each organometallic protocol were required for successful cross-coupling. In particular, a triethylamine/acetonitrile-base/solvent mixture was crucial to Sonogashira alkynylation of 4-bromo-6-methyl-2-pyrone, whereas thallium carbonate was a mandatory base for the Suzuki cross-coupling of trialkylboranes. The 2-pyrones demonstrate potent inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Botrytis cinerea. The growth inhibitory activities of selected 2-pyrones were determined in A2780 human ovarian carcinoma and K562 human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell lines using an in vitro cell culture system (MTT assay). These studies demonstrate that 4-phenylethynyl-, 4-tetrahydropyranylpropargyl ether- and 4-ethynyl-6-methyl-2-pyrones have excellent potential as a new class of anticancer agents. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
XBphos-Rh: a halogen-bond assembled supramolecular catalyst
作者:Lucas Carreras、Marta Serrano-Torné、Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen、Anton Vidal-Ferran
DOI:10.1039/c8sc00233a
日期:——
pyridyl- and iodotetrafluoroaryl-substituted phosphines were assembled in the presence of a rhodium(I) precursor to form the corresponding halogen-bonded complex XBphos-Rh. The presence of fluorine substituents at the iodo-containing supramolecular motif was not necessary for halogen bonding to occur due to the template effect exerted by the rhodium center during formation of the halogen-bonded complex
(2E,4E)-, (2Z,4E)-, and (2E,4Z)-2,4-Alkadienoates can be synthesized in high yields by the cross-coupling of ethyl (E)-3-bromoacrylate, methyl (E)-3-bromo-2-methylpropenoate, ethyl (Z)-3-bromocrotonate,1-bromo-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)cyclohexene, and 4-bromocoumarin with 2-[(E)-1-alkenyl]-1,3,2-benzodioxaboroles or diisopropyl (Z)-1-hexenylboronate in the presence of 3 mol% of Pd(OAc)2, 6 mol% of PPh3, and 2 equivalents of Na2CO3 or K2CO3 in alcoholic solvents while retaining the original configuration of the double bonds in β-bromo esters and 1-alkenylboronates. Although the coupling reaction with 1-hexenylboronate with (Z)-3-bromoacrylate gave a mixture of ethyl (2Z,4E)- and (2E,4E)-nonadienoates in a ratio of 63 : 37, it was found that the use of bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene as a ligand of palladium brought about the stereoselective coupling under mild conditions.
A CONVENIENT STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF α,β-UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ESTERS VIA THE PALLADIUM-CATALYZED CARBONYLATION OF 1-ALKENYLBORANES
作者:Norio Miyaura、Akira Suzuki
DOI:10.1246/cl.1981.879
日期:1981.7.5
1-Alkenyiboranes readily prepared by the hydroboration of alkynes react smoothly with carbon monoxide in the presence of palladium chloride and sodium acetate in methanol to give the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carboxylic esters with retention of configuration with respect to alkenylboranes in good yields.
The palladium-catalyzed “head-to-tail” cross-coupling reaction of 1-alkenylboranes with phenyl or 1-alkenyl iodides. A novel synthesis of 2-phenyl-1-alkenes or 2-alkyl-1,3-alkadienes via organoboranes
作者:Norio Miyaura、Akira Suzuki
DOI:10.1016/s0022-328x(00)82970-8
日期:1981.6
The reaction of phenyl or 1-alkenyl iodides with 1-alkenyl-1,3,2-benzodioxaboroles readily obtainable via the hydroboration of 1-alkynes, gives the corresponding “head-to-tail” cross-coupling products, 2-phenyl-1-alkenes or 2-alkyl-1,3-alkadienes, in good yields. The reaction is effectively catalyzed by catalytic amounts of palladium compounds in the presence of triethylamine.
The Reactions of Copper(I) 1-Alkenyltrimethylborates with Allylic Bromides or 2-Propynyl Bromide
作者:Norio Miyaura、Takashi Yano、Akira Suzuki
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.53.1471
日期:1980.5
The reactions between copper(I) 1-alkenyltrimethylborates (readily obtainable from 2-(1-alkenyl)-1,3,2-benzodioxaboroles and methyllithium) and allylic bromides or 2-propynyl bromide were found to give corresponding coupling products. These reactions provide new synthetic routes to 1,4-alkadienes or 1,2,7-alkatrien-5-ynes.