Ajoene, A Stable Garlic By-Product, Inhibits High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Injury Through LKB1-Dependent AMPK Activation
摘要:
Hepatic steatosis, a hepatic component of metabolic syndrome, is common and may progress to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The liver X receptor-alpha (LXR alpha)-sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) pathway plays a key role in hepatic steatosis. This study investigated the potential of ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, to inhibit high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis and the underlying mechanism. Ajoene treatment attenuated fat accumulation and induction of lipogenic genes in the liver of HFD-fed mice. Blood biochemical analyses and histopathologic examinations showed that ajoene prevented liver injury with the inhibition of oxidative stress, as evidenced by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation and nitrotyrosinylation. Moreover, ajoene treatment inhibited LXR alpha agonist (T0901317)-mediated SREBP-1c activation, and transactivation of the lipogenic target genes in hepatocytes. Ajoene was found to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via LKB1, responsible for the inhibition of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (S6K1). The ability of ajoene to repress T0901317-induced SREBP-1c expression was antagonized by inhibition of AMPK or activation of S6K1, supporting the role of these kinases in the antisteatotic effect. Our results demonstrate that ajoene has an effect of activating AMPK through LKB1 and inhibit S6K1 activity, contributing to the prevention of SREBP-1c-mediated hepatic lipogenesis via the inhibition of LXR alpha activity. Antioxid Redox Signal. 14, 187-202.
Gold-Catalyzed Oxidative Hydrative Alkenylations of Propargyl Aryl Thioethers with Quinoline <i>N</i>-Oxides Involving a 1,3-Sulfur Migration
作者:Sachin Bhausaheb Wagh、Rahulkumar Rajmani Singh、Rajkumar Lalji Sahani、Rai-Shung Liu
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00705
日期:2019.4.19
This work reports gold-catalyzed oxidative alkenylations of quinoline N-oxides with propargyl aryl thioethers to afford 3-hydroxy-1-alkylidenephenylthiopropan-2-one via a 1,3-sulfur group migration. The mechanism of this reaction is postulated to involve an α-oxo gold carbene intermediate followed by formation of a four-membered sulfonium ring that is ring-opened by one H2O to form a gold enolate. A
Silver-catalysed Doyle–Kirmse reaction of allyl and propargyl sulfides
作者:Paul W. Davies、Sébastien J.-C. Albrecht、Giulio Assanelli
DOI:10.1039/b822584b
日期:——
The silver-catalysed Doyle–Kirmse reaction of propargyl and allylsulfides with diazo compounds is disclosed. The carbon–carbon bond forming process proceeds with a range of substituents and functionality under mild conditions.
Synthesis of functionalized CF3-containing heterocycles via [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement and sequential catalytic carbocyclization
作者:Daria V. Vorobyeva、Artur K. Mailyan、Alexander S. Peregudov、Natalia M. Karimova、Tamara P. Vasilyeva、Ivan S. Bushmarinov、Christian Bruneau、Pierre H. Dixneuf、Sergey N. Osipov
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.031
日期:2011.5
CF3-substituted and nitrogen or sulfur-containing heterocycles has been developed directly from diazocompounds CF3C(N2)Z (Z=CO2Me, P(O)(OEt)2). The method is based on the direct selective synthesis of doubly unsaturated substrates followed by metal-mediated carbocylization. The first step has been performed by Cu(II)-catalyzed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of propargyl- or/and allyl-containing sulfur
直接从重氮化合物CF 3 C(N 2)Z(Z = CO 2 Me,P(O)(OEt)2)直接开发了一种新的有效接触官能化CF 3取代的含氮或含硫的杂环的方法。该方法基于双不饱和底物的直接选择性合成,然后进行金属介导的碳环化。第一步是通过Cu(II)催化的炔丙基或/和烯丙基的硫和氮的炔丙基的[2,3]σ重排导致氟化烯炔,二烯烃,尤其是烯炔衍生物。第二步涉及通过闭环复分解和Pauson-Khand反应进行碳环化。
Alkynes as masked ylides: Gold-catalysed intermolecular reactions of propargylic carboxylates with sulfides
作者:Paul W. Davies、Sébastien J.-C. Albrecht
DOI:10.1039/b714813e
日期:——
The in situ-generation of sulfur ylides by the gold-catalysed rearrangement of propargylic carboxylates in the presence of sulfides has resulted in highly efficient and novel transformations.
在硫化物存在的情况下,通过金催化丙炔基羧酸酯的重排,原位生成硫酰化物,从而实现了高效、新颖的转化。
Multigram Synthesis of Heterabicyclo[n.1.0]alkan‐1‐yl Trifluoroborates
作者:Ihor Kleban、Yevhen Krokhmaliuk、Sofiia Reut、Serhii Shuvakin、Vyacheslav V. Pendyukh、Oleksandr I. Khyzhan、Dmytro S. Yarmoliuk、Andriy V. Tymtsunik、Yuliya V. Rassukana、Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.202000977
日期:2021.12.21
Multigram synthesis of oxa‐ and azabicyclo[n.1.0]alkan‐1‐yl trifluoroborates relying on efficient 4–5‐step reaction sequences is described. The title compounds was obtained in up to 50 g scale in a single run (10–41 % overall yield).
本文描述了依赖于有效的4-5步反应序列的oxa-和氮杂双环[ n .1.0]烷烃-1-基三氟硼酸酯的合成方法。一次即可获得高达50 g的标题化合物(总收率10–41%)。