Carbonylation of quaternary ammonium salts to tertiary amides using NaCo(CO)4 catalyst
作者:Yizhu Lei、Rui Zhang、Qing Wu、Hui Mei、Bo Xiao、Guangxing Li
DOI:10.1016/j.molcata.2013.10.014
日期:2014.1
the catalytic carbonylation of quaternary ammoniumsalts under anhydrous condition. Quaternary ammoniumsalts, a kind of versatile reagents that were widely used in organometallic chemistry, can be carbonylated to tertiaryamides by an in situ prepared NaCo(CO)4 catalyst. It was found that the counterions (Cl−, Br−, I−, OTf−) in the quaternary ammoniumsalts played a significant role in the reaction
Anion radical salts of bis[1,2,5]thiadiazolotetracyanoquinodimethan (BTDA) containing forty kinds of alkylammonium ions were prepared whose molar ratios are unique for each cation and changed from 1:1 (2A–2L) to 2:3 (2M–2Z), 1:2 (2a–2m), and 2:5 (2n) with elongation of the side chains. The electrical conductivities of the salts are largely affected by the molar ratio and the spatial requirement of
New Ionic Plastic Crystals of NR<sub>4</sub>BEt<sub>3</sub>Me (R = Me and Et) and NR<i><sub>x</sub></i>R′<sub>4−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>BEt<sub>3</sub>Me (R = Et, R′ = Me and Pr, <i>x</i> = 1–3) in a New Class of Plastic Crystals
New ionic plastic crystals of NR4BEt3Me (R = Me and Et) and NRxR′4−xBEt3Me (R = Et, R′ = Me and Pr, x = 1–3) were formed in a new region of plastic crystal. In this area, globular cations and anions are assembled by weak interactions. On the basis of our results of 1H and 13C NMR spectra and electrical conductivity measurements, we could conclude that isotropic reorientation and self-diffusion of globular cations and anions were detected in the crystal. X-ray diffraction (XRD) lines observed in RxR′4−xBEt3Me (R = Et, R′ = Me, x = 0–4) revealed a CsCl-type cubic crystal structure. Additionally, DSC spectra revealed that this new class of plastic crystals displays low phase-transition temperatures in the plastic phase and have high melting points. The former tendency is frequently detected in molecular plastic crystals while the latter is often found in ionic plastic crystals.
新型的NR4BEt3Me (R = Me和Et)和NRxR′4−xBEt3Me (R = Et, R′ = Me和Pr, x = 1–3)离子塑料晶体在新区域的塑料晶体中形成。在这一区域,球状阳离子和阴离子通过弱相互作用组装在一起。根据我们对1H和13C NMR谱图及电导率测量的结果,可以得出结论:在晶体中检测到了球状阳离子和阴离子的各向同性重定向和自扩散。X射线衍射(XRD)线在RxR′4−xBEt3Me (R = Et, R′ = Me, x = 0–4)中揭示了一个CsCl型立方晶体结构。此外,DSC谱图显示这类新型塑料晶体在塑料相中具有较低的相变温度,并且熔点较高。前一种趋势在分子塑料晶体中经常被检测到,而后一种则通常在离子塑料晶体中发现。
A microscopic hydrophobicity parameter
作者:F. M. Menger、U. V. Venkataram
DOI:10.1021/ja00271a029
日期:1986.5
Le laurate de nitro-4 phenyle dans l'eau forme des agregats dans lesquels les groupes esters s'hydrolysent lentement. Des sels, de formule generale RN(CH 3 ) 3 + X − rompent ou detruisent les agregats. Les groupes esters sont alors deproteges et les vitesses d'hydrolyse observees croissent. L'importance de l'accroissement de vitesse depend de R
Le laurate de nitro-4 phenyle dans l'eau forme des agregats dans lesquels les groupesesters s'hydrolysent lentement。Desels, deformule generale RN(CH 3 ) 3 + X − rompent ou detruisent les agregats。Les groupesesters sont alors deproteges et les vitesses d'hydrolyse 观察羊角面包。L'importance de l'accroissement de vitesse depends de R
Plasticity in [(R
<sub>
4–
<i>x</i>
</sub>
R
<sup>1</sup>
<i>
<sub>x</sub>
</i>
)
<sub>4</sub>
N]
<sub>4</sub>
[Cu
<sub>4</sub>
{S
<sub>2</sub>
C
<sub>2</sub>
(CN)
<sub>2</sub>
}
<sub>4</sub>
] (
<i>x</i>
= 0–4) is Molded by a Guest Cation on an Elastic Anionic Host
作者:Biplab K. Maiti、Kuntal Pal、Sabyasachi Sarkar
DOI:10.1002/ejic.200800094
日期:2008.5
r host-guest assemblies [Me4N]4[Cu4(mnt)4] (1), [Me3EtN]4[Cu4(mnt)4] (2), [Me2Et2N]4[Cu4(mnt)4] (3), [MeEt3N]4[Cu4(mnt)4] (4) and [Et4N]4[Cu4(mnt)4] (5), which have been characterized by X-ray structural studies in the solidstate. The host cavity shrinks and expands, with varying Cu···Cu separations ranging from 2.754 to 3.952 A, to accommodate the relevant guest ion during the crystallization process