1-[环己基氧基(甲基)磷酰基]氧基-4-硝基苯 | 7284-56-2

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 中文名称: 1-[环己基氧基(甲基)磷酰基]氧基-4-硝基苯
• 英文名称: cyclohexyl 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate
• 英文别名: Cyclohexyl 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate；1-[cyclohexyloxy(methyl)phosphoryl]oxy-4-nitrobenzene
• CAS: 7284-56-2
• 化学式: C₁₃H₁₈NO₅P
• 分子量: 299.263
• InChiKey: JWRUJPIMPZQGPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.9
• 重原子数：
  20
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.54
• 拓扑面积：
  81.4
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  5

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  1-[环己基氧基(甲基)磷酰基]氧基-4-硝基苯 在 Rsp₃₆₉₀ from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 作用下， 以 二甲基亚砜 为溶剂， 生成 对硝基苯酚
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Structural Characterization and Function Determination of a Nonspecific Carboxylate Esterase from the Amidohydrolase Superfamily with a Promiscuous Ability To Hydrolyze Methylphosphonate Esters

  摘要：

  The uncharacterized protein Rsp3690 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a member of the amidohydrolase superfamily of enzymes. In this investigation the gene for Rsp3690 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity, and the three-dimensional structure was determined to a resolution of 1.8 angstrom. The protein folds as a distorted (beta/alpha)(8)-barrel, and the subunits associate as a homotetramer. The active site is localized to the C-terminal end of the beta-barrel and is highlighted by the formation of a binuclear metal center with two manganese ions that are bridged by Glu-175 and hydroxide. The remaining ligands to the metal center include His-32, His-34, His-207, His-236, and Asp-302. Rsp3690 was shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of a wide variety of carboxylate esters, in addition to organophosphate and organophosphonate esters. The best carboxylate ester substrates identified for Rsp3690 included 2-naphthyl acetate (k(cat)/K-m = 1.0 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)), 2-naphthyl propionate (k(cat)/K-m = 1.5 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)), 1-naphthyl acetate (k(cat)/K-m = 7.5 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1)), 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate (k(cat)/K-m = 2.7 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1)), 4-nitrophenyl acetate (k(cat)/K-m = 2.3 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)), and 4-nitrophenyl butyrate (k(cat)/K-m = 8.8 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)). The best organophosphonate ester substrates included ethyl 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (k(cat)/K-m = 3.8 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)) and isobutyl 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (k(cat)/K-m = 1.1 x 10(4) M-1 s(-1)). The (S-p)-enantiomer of isobutyl 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate was hydrolyzed 10 times faster than the less toxic (R-p)-enantiomer. The high inherent catalytic activity of Rsp3690 for the hydrolysis of the toxic enantiomer of methylphosphonate esters make this enzyme an attractive target for directed evolution investigations.

  DOI：

  10.1021/bi5004266
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  甲基膦酞二氯 、 对硝基苯酚 、 环己醇 在 lithium diisopropyl amide 、 三乙胺 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 乙醚 为溶剂， 反应 22.5h， 生成 1-[环己基氧基(甲基)磷酰基]氧基-4-硝基苯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Substrate Analogues for the Enzyme-Catalyzed Detoxification of the Organophosphate Nerve Agents—Sarin, Soman, and Cyclosarin

  摘要：

  G型神经毒剂，包括沙林（GB）、梭曼（GD）和环沙林（GF），是已知毒性最强的化合物之一。在利用铜绿假单胞菌的磷酸三酯酶（PTE）进化以去除G型毒剂方面已经取得了很大进展；然而，G型毒剂的极高毒性使得使用底物类似物成为必要。典型的类似物采用色原性离去基团以促进高通量筛选，并通过用O-甲基取代G型毒剂中的P-甲基，以期降低毒性。迄今为止，尚未对这些取代基对催化活性的影响进行系统评估，并且所推测的毒性降低尚未得到验证。合成了一系列21种G型毒剂类似物，包括所有O-甲基、对硝基苯基和硫代磷酸酯取代基的组合，并评估了它们揭示PTE变体对实际G型神经毒剂的立体选择性和催化活性的能力。通过测定乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的失活速率，评估了这些类似物的潜在毒性。所有取代基使AChE失活减缓了100倍以上，其中最有效的是硫代磷酸酯类似物，其使失活速率降低了约4-5个数量级。发现这些类似物可准确预测催化活性和立体选择性的变化，并有助于鉴定出BHR-30变体，该变体对GD没有明显的立体选择性，且kcat/Km值为1.4 × 106，使其成为迄今为止报道的用于GD去除的最有效的酶。

  DOI：

  10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00361

文献信息

• Molecular Engineering of Organophosphate Hydrolysis Activity from a Weak Promiscuous Lactonase Template
  作者：Monika M. Meier、Chitra Rajendran、Christoph Malisi、Nicholas G. Fox、Chengfu Xu、Sandra Schlee、David P. Barondeau、Birte Höcker、Reinhard Sterner、Frank M. Raushel

  DOI：10.1021/ja405911h

  日期：2013.8.7

  lactonase (PLL) family that show promiscuous organophosphate-degrading activity. Starting from a weakly promiscuous PLL scaffold (Dr0930 from Deinococcus radiodurans ), we designed an extremely efficient organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) with broad substrate specificity using rational and random mutagenesis in combination with in vitro activity screening. The OPH activity for seven organophosphate substrates

  酶的快速进化为蛋白质非凡的适应性提供了独特的分子见解，并有助于阐明氨基酸序列、结构和功能之间的关系。我们研究了来自 Pseudomonas diminuta (PdPTE) 的磷酸三酯酶的进化，该酶以显着的催化效率水解合成有机磷酸酯。PTE 被认为是一种进化上“年轻”的酶，据推测它是从磷酸三酯酶样内酯酶 (PLL) 家族的成员进化而来的，这些成员表现出混杂的有机磷降解活性。从弱混杂的 PLL 支架（来自耐辐射奇异球菌的 Dr0930）开始，我们使用合理和随机诱变结合体外活性筛选设计了一种具有广泛底物特异性的极其有效的有机磷酸酯水解酶 (OPH)。七个有机磷底物的 OPH 活性同时增强了多达 5 个数量级，实现了高达 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) 的催化效率的绝对值。结构和计算分析确定了工程化 PLL 变体增强 OPH 活性的分子基础，并证明 PdPTE 和工程化 PLL 中的 OPH
• Structural Characterization and Function Determination of a Nonspecific Carboxylate Esterase from the Amidohydrolase Superfamily with a Promiscuous Ability To Hydrolyze Methylphosphonate Esters
  作者：Dao Feng Xiang、Desigan Kumaran、Subramanyam Swaminathan、Frank M. Raushel

  DOI：10.1021/bi5004266

  日期：2014.6.3

  The uncharacterized protein Rsp3690 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a member of the amidohydrolase superfamily of enzymes. In this investigation the gene for Rsp3690 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity, and the three-dimensional structure was determined to a resolution of 1.8 angstrom. The protein folds as a distorted (beta/alpha)(8)-barrel, and the subunits associate as a homotetramer. The active site is localized to the C-terminal end of the beta-barrel and is highlighted by the formation of a binuclear metal center with two manganese ions that are bridged by Glu-175 and hydroxide. The remaining ligands to the metal center include His-32, His-34, His-207, His-236, and Asp-302. Rsp3690 was shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of a wide variety of carboxylate esters, in addition to organophosphate and organophosphonate esters. The best carboxylate ester substrates identified for Rsp3690 included 2-naphthyl acetate (k(cat)/K-m = 1.0 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)), 2-naphthyl propionate (k(cat)/K-m = 1.5 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)), 1-naphthyl acetate (k(cat)/K-m = 7.5 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1)), 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate (k(cat)/K-m = 2.7 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1)), 4-nitrophenyl acetate (k(cat)/K-m = 2.3 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)), and 4-nitrophenyl butyrate (k(cat)/K-m = 8.8 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)). The best organophosphonate ester substrates included ethyl 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (k(cat)/K-m = 3.8 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)) and isobutyl 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (k(cat)/K-m = 1.1 x 10(4) M-1 s(-1)). The (S-p)-enantiomer of isobutyl 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate was hydrolyzed 10 times faster than the less toxic (R-p)-enantiomer. The high inherent catalytic activity of Rsp3690 for the hydrolysis of the toxic enantiomer of methylphosphonate esters make this enzyme an attractive target for directed evolution investigations.
• Substrate Analogues for the Enzyme-Catalyzed Detoxification of the Organophosphate Nerve Agents—Sarin, Soman, and Cyclosarin
  作者：Andrew N. Bigley、Steven P. Harvey、Tamari Narindoshvili、Frank M. Raushel

  DOI：10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00361

  日期：2021.9.28

  The G-type nerve agents, sarin (GB), soman (GD), and cyclosarin (GF), are among the most toxic compounds known. Much progress has been made in evolving the enzyme phosphotriesterase (PTE) from Pseudomonas diminuta for the decontamination of the G-agents; however, the extreme toxicity of the G-agents makes the use of substrate analogues necessary. Typical analogues utilize a chromogenic leaving group to facilitate high-throughput screening, and substitution of an O-methyl for the P-methyl group found in the G-agents, in an effort to reduce toxicity. Till date, there has been no systematic evaluation of the effects of these substitutions on catalytic activity, and the presumed reduction in toxicity has not been tested. A series of 21 G-agent analogues, including all combinations of O-methyl, p-nitrophenyl, and thiophosphate substitutions, have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to unveil the stereoselectivity and catalytic activity of PTE variants against the authentic G-type nerve agents. The potential toxicity of these analogues was evaluated by measuring the rate of inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). All of the substitutions reduced inactivation of AChE by more than 100-fold, with the most effective being the thiophosphate analogues, which reduced the rate of inactivation by about 4–5 orders of magnitude. The analogues were found to reliably predict changes in catalytic activity and stereoselectivity of the PTE variants and led to the identification of the BHR-30 variant, which has no apparent stereoselectivity against GD and a kcat/Km of 1.4 × 106, making it the most efficient enzyme for GD decontamination reported till date.

  G型神经毒剂，包括沙林（GB）、梭曼（GD）和环沙林（GF），是已知毒性最强的化合物之一。在利用铜绿假单胞菌的磷酸三酯酶（PTE）进化以去除G型毒剂方面已经取得了很大进展；然而，G型毒剂的极高毒性使得使用底物类似物成为必要。典型的类似物采用色原性离去基团以促进高通量筛选，并通过用O-甲基取代G型毒剂中的P-甲基，以期降低毒性。迄今为止，尚未对这些取代基对催化活性的影响进行系统评估，并且所推测的毒性降低尚未得到验证。合成了一系列21种G型毒剂类似物，包括所有O-甲基、对硝基苯基和硫代磷酸酯取代基的组合，并评估了它们揭示PTE变体对实际G型神经毒剂的立体选择性和催化活性的能力。通过测定乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的失活速率，评估了这些类似物的潜在毒性。所有取代基使AChE失活减缓了100倍以上，其中最有效的是硫代磷酸酯类似物，其使失活速率降低了约4-5个数量级。发现这些类似物可准确预测催化活性和立体选择性的变化，并有助于鉴定出BHR-30变体，该变体对GD没有明显的立体选择性，且kcat/Km值为1.4 × 106，使其成为迄今为止报道的用于GD去除的最有效的酶。