Linking Structural Dynamics and Functional Diversity in Asymmetric Catalysis
摘要:
Proteins, the functional molecules in biological systems, are sophisticated chemical devices that have evolved over billions of years. Their function is intimately related to their three-dimensional structure and elegantly regulated by conformational changes through allosteric regulators and a number of reversible or unidirectional post-translational modifications. This functional diversification in response to external stimuli allows for an orderly and timely progression of intra- and extracellular events. In contrast, enantioselective catalysts generally exhibit limited conformational flexibility and thereby exert a single specific function. Exploiting the features of conformationally flexible asymmetric ligands and the variable coordination patterns of rare earth metals, we demonstrate dynamic structural and functional changes of a catalyst in asymmetric catalysis, leading to two distinct reaction outcomes in a single flask.
A series of new modular bifunctional chiral thiourea organocatalysts were synthesized from natural Cinchona alkaloids and amino acids, and their performance in the aza-Henry reaction of nitroalkanes to imines, the Michaeladdition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins and the Michaeladdition of acetone to nitroolefins was investigated. Under the mild conditions, the important building blocks β-nitro amines
A chiral organic base catalyst with halogen-bonding-donor functionality: asymmetric Mannich reactions of malononitrile with <i>N</i>-Boc aldimines and ketimines
A chiral organic basecatalyst with halogen-bonding-donor functionality has been developed. This quinidine-derived acid/basecatalyst smoothly promoted the asymmetricMannichreaction of malononitrile and various N-Boc imines with up to 98% ee. The cooperative interaction with both substrates was responsible for the high activity that allowed a reduction of the catalyst amount to 0.5 mol%.
A direct catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Mannich-typereaction has been disclosed in good yield, excellent regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The key to control the regioselectivity is the combination of a bulky N-acylpyrazole and a bulky bisphosphine ligand. The catalytic system was extended to a bisvinylogous Mannich-typereaction by changing the ligand. The synthetic utility of the vinylogous
A Novel Bis-Thiourea Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Aza-Henry Reaction
作者:Constantinos Rampalakos、William D. Wulff
DOI:10.1002/adsc.200800214
日期:2008.8.4
A novelbis-thiourea BINAM-based catalyst for the asymmetricaza-Henryreaction has been developed. This catalyst promotes the reaction of N-Boc imines with nitroalkanes to afford beta-nitroamines with good yields and high enantioselectivities. This catalyst has the advantage that it can be prepared in a single step from commercially available materials. A model is proposed for the catalyst action
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions for the Construction of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters
作者:Barry M. Trost、Tanguy Saget、Chao-I (Joey) Hung
DOI:10.1021/jacs.6b01187
日期:2016.3.23
Mannich reaction using α-branched ketones as nucleophilic partners for the direct enantio- and diastereoselective construction of quaternary carbon stereocenters. The reaction can be run on a gram-scale with a low catalyst loading without impacting its efficiency. Moreover, the Mannich adducts can be further elaborated with complete diastereocontrol to access molecules possessing complex stereotriads.