2,4-db appears as colorless crystals. Slightly corrosive to iron. A chlorinated phenoxy herbicide. Soluble in organic solvents.
颜色/状态:
White crystals
气味:
Slightly phenolic
溶解度:
Water solubility: 46 ppm at 25 °C.
蒸汽压力:
3.5X10-6 mm Hg at 25 deg (est)
分解:
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.
腐蚀性:
The acid is slightly corrosive to iron.
解离常数:
pKa= 4.95 at 25 °C
保留指数:
1869;1826.1
稳定性/保质期:
避免与氧化物接触。
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
3.5
重原子数:
15
可旋转键数:
5
环数:
1.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
0.3
拓扑面积:
46.5
氢给体数:
1
氢受体数:
3
ADMET
代谢
在动物和易感植物中通过β-氧化转化为2,4-D。
Converted by beta-oxidation to 2,4-D in animals and susceptible plants.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merr. var. Lee)和苍耳(Xanthium sp.)含有beta-氧化酶酶,能够将2,4-DB降解为2,4-D。确定了一个中间代谢物为4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)巴豆酸。另一代谢途径表明合成了10-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)癸酸。将2,4-DB(14)C应用于卷叶酸模(Rumex crispus L.)和细叶车前(Plantago lanceolata L.)。主要代谢途径是beta-氧化,2,4-D被确认为主要代谢物。其他未识别的代谢物似乎与极性脂质结合。将2,4-DB甲基酯混入大豆油中给予豚鼠。收集尿液,GLC-MS分析表明在用重氮甲烷处理提取物后存在2,4-D的甲基酯。大豆疫霉(Phytophthora megasprma var. sojae)和三叶草(Trifolium repens)的细胞悬浮液不能代谢2,4-D,但通过不包括beta-氧化的途径降解了2,4-DB。在21天的期间内,疫霉菌Phytophthora megasperma降解了约45%的2,4-DB。由于在营养培养基或真菌菌丝中未发现2,4-D,因此得出结论,降解不包括2,4-DB的beta-氧化。该真菌确实降解了2,4-D。在萨斯喀彻温省的土壤中,n-丁基2,4-DB酯的水解迅速,但未确定产物。
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. var. Lee) and cocklebur (Xanthium sp.) contained beta-oxidase enzymes that were capable of degrading 2,4-DB to 2,4-D. An intermediate metabolite was identified as 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) crotonic acid. Another metabolite pathway was indicated by synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)decanoic acid. 2,4-DB(14)C was applied to curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) and buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.). The main pathway of metabolism was beta-oxidation and 2,4-D was identified as the major metabolite. Other unidentified metabolites appeared bound to polar lipids. 2,4-DB methyl ester was administered in soybean oil to a guinea pig. Urine was collected and GLC-MS analysis indicated the presence of the methyl ester of 2,4-D after treatment of the extract with diazomethane. Phytophthora megasprma var. sojae and cell suspensions of white clover (Trifolium repens) were not able to metabolize 2,4-D but did degrade 2,4-DB by a path not including beta- oxidation. Over a 21-day period, the fungus Phytophthora megasperma degraded about 45% of the 2,4-DB present. Since no 2,4-D was found in the nutrient medium, or fungus myceluim, it was concluded that degradation did not include beta-oxidation of 2,4-DB. The fungus did degrade 2,4-D. In Saskatchewan soils, hydrolysis of n-butyl 2,4-DB ester was rapid but products were not identified.
A typical beta-oxidation product (2,4-D) is observed via phenoxybutenoic acid in 2,4-DB metabolism by plants. The decanoic acid derivative of 2,4-dichlorophenol is an interesting metabolite.
CDDs are absorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes of exposure. CDDs are carried in the plasma by serum lipids and lipoproteins, distributing mainly to the liver and adipose tissue. CDDs are very slowly metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glucuronic acid and glutathione. They may increase the rate of their own metabolism by inducing CDDs induce both phase I and phase II enzymes. The major routes of excretion of CDDs are the bile and the feces, though smaller amounts are excreted in the urine and via lactation. (L177)
Some of the endocrine effects of 2,4-DB may be mediated by the 2,4-D mediated displacement of sex hormones from the sex hormone binding globulin or the 2,4-D mediated blocking or OAT6 transport proteins that are needed for the transport of functional organic ions and dicarboxylates (including estrone sulfate).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类:不太可能对人类致癌
Cancer Classification: Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans
Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: limited; Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides; From table/
All forms of 2,4-DB are considered low in toxicity when absorbed via skin or via inhalation. Female rats fed moderate doses of 75 mg/kg of 2,4-DB, experienced a number of chronic effects including lower ovarian weights, fewer offspring born and lower overall body weight. In addition, numerous offspring (pups) died during lactation.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
吸收、分配和排泄
酯类通常比其母酸具有更强的除草活性,这是因为它们能被目标植物更好地吸收。/苯氧基链烷酸/
ESTERS NORMALLY EXHIBIT GREATER HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY THAN PARENT ACIDS, BECAUSE OF IMPROVED ABSORPTION BY TARGET PLANTS. /PHENOXYALKANOIC ACIDS/
The chlorophenoxy compounds are absorbed across the gut wall, lung, and skin. They are not significantly fat storable. Excretion occurs almost entirely by way of the urine. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Compounds are provided having a piperazine or homopiperazine ring which are useful in the treatment of thrombosis.
提供了具有哌嗪或同源哌嗪环的化合物,这些化合物在治疗血栓症方面很有用。
Novel camptothecin derivatives. part 1: oxyalkanoic acid esters of camptothecin and their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity
作者:Li-Xi Yang、Xiandao Pan、Hui-Juan Wang
DOI:10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00153-1
日期:2002.5
cells in vitro by the colony formation assay and in vivo. These newly synthesized derivatives show a dramatically higher chemotherapeutic activity in killing human cancer cells than the parent drug, camptothecin, and clinically available drugs, irinotecan and taxol.
Automated Synthesis and Purification of Amides: Exploitation of Automated Solid Phase Extraction in Organic Synthesis
作者:R. Michael Lawrence、Scott A. Biller、Olga M. Fryszman、Michael A. Poss
DOI:10.1055/s-1997-1232
日期:1997.5
Automated parallel synthesis of small organic molecules, either as single entities or as mixtures, offers the potential for the rapid optimization of physical and biological properties of a molecule. Currently, emphasis has been placed on solid phase synthesis technology to accomplish the rapid preparation of large numbers of molecules. Automated solution phase synthesis is an alternative approach which has the advantages of having shorter development times and being more amenable to scaleup. Utilizing commercially available liquid handlers for reaction setup and exploiting automated solid phase extraction for product purification, a procedure has been developed to prepare and purify up to 100 amide analogs, simultaneously. Both carbodiimide mediated couplings and p-nitrophenyl ester displacements have been carried out using this procedure. Product amides having overall neutral or basic character have been prepared in good yield and with good to excellent purities.
HERBICIDALLY ACTIVE 3-PHENYLISOXAZOLINE-5-CARBOXAMIDES OF TETRAHYDRO- AND DIHYDROFURANCARBOXAMIDES
申请人:BAYER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
公开号:US20200216403A1
公开(公告)日:2020-07-09
The invention relates to 3-phenylisoxazoline-5-carboxamides of tetrahydro and dihydrofuran carboxamides of general formula (I)
and to their agrochemically compatible salts (I) as well as to the use thereof in the field of plant protection.
SUBSTITUTED 3-HETEROARYLOXY-1H-PYRAZOLES AND SALTS THEREOF AND THEIR USE AS HERBICIDAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
申请人:BAYER CROPSCIENCE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
公开号:US20200181117A1
公开(公告)日:2020-06-11
A substituted 3-heteroaryloxy-1H-pyrazole of the general formula (I) or salt thereof
Substituted 3-heteroaryloxy-1H-pyrazoles of the general formula (I) are described,
as is their use as herbicides, in particular for controlling broad-leaved weeds and/or weed grasses in crops of useful plants and/or as plant growth regulators for influencing the growth of crops of useful plants described.
The present invention also relates to herbicidal and/or plant growth-regulating compositions comprising one or more compounds of the general formula (I).