Systematic Studies on Structure and Physiological Activity of Cyclic α-Keto Enamines, a Novel Class of “Cooling” Compounds
摘要:
3-methyl- and 5-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one were recently identified as intense cooling compounds in roasted dark malt. To gain more insights into the molecular requirements of these compounds for imparting a cooling sensation, 26 cyclic alpha -keto enamine derivatives were synthesized, and their physiological cooling activities were evaluated. Any modification of the amino moiety, the carbocyclic ring size, or incorporation of additional methyl groups led to a significant increase of the cooling threshold. Insertion of an oxygen atom into the 2-cyclopenten-1-one ring, however, increased the cooling activity, e.g., the cooling threshold of the 5-methyl-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)3(2H)-furanone was found to be 16-fold below the threshold concentration determined for the 3-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one. Shifting the oxygen atom from the 4- into the 5-position of the cyclopentenone ring resulted in a even more drastic increase in cooling activity, e.g., the 4-methyl-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2(5H)-furanone exhibited the strongest cooling effect at the low oral threshold concentration of 0.02-0.06 mmol/L, which is 35-fold below the value determined for H-menthol. In contrast to the minty smelling (-)-menthol, most of the alpha -keto enamines were found to be virtually odorless but impart a sensation of "cooling" to the oral cavity as well as to the skin, thus illustrating that there is no physiological link between cooling activity and mint-like odors.
Several 2-alkyl-3-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-ones are prepared in 45-92 % yield from 2-alkyl-1,3-cyclopentanediones and a slight excess of an equimolar mixture of various primary and secondary amines and acetic or propionic acid in boiling toluene.
Addition reactions of cyclic s-trans-enaminones with Grignard reagents.
作者:Thomas T. Shawe、Darren B. Hansen、Kelly Ann Peet、Anthony S. Prokopowicz、Patrice M. Robinson、Annatina Cannon、Kathleen E. Dougherty、Andrew A. Ross、Linda M. Landino
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01133-7
日期:1997.2
Addition of Grignardreagents to s-trans-enaminones derived from 1,3-cycloalkanediones are described. In dichloromethane, addition of phenylmagnesium bromide gave 3-phenyl substituted cycloalkenones. Alkylmagnesium halides underwent multiple additionreactions, giving mixtures of the 3-alkylcycloalkenones and 1,3-dialkyl-3-(dialkylamino)cyclohexenes. In tetrahydrofuran, only the 3-alkylcycloalkenone
Method and compositions for imparting cooling effect to tobacco products
申请人:Bereman D. Robert
公开号:US20050000529A1
公开(公告)日:2005-01-06
The present invention relates to smoking articles such as cigarettes, and in particular to a method and composition for providing a cooling effect to cigarettes. The tobacco rod of the cigarette contains a compound that imparts a cooing effect and sensation of freshness to tobacco smoke.