申请人:UNION OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA
公开号:EP0274805A1
公开(公告)日:1988-07-20
Compositions containing sulfuric acid and one or more of certain chalcogen-containing compounds in which the chalcogen compound H2SO4 molar ratio is below 2 contain the mono-adduct of sulfuric acid which is catalytically active for promoting organic chemical reactions. Suitable chalcogen-containing compounds have the empirical formula '
wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR3R4 and NR5, at least one of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen, each of R3 and R4 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical, and R5 is a divalent organic radical. Such compositions are useful for catalzying organic reactions such as oxidation, oxidative addition, reduction, reductive addition, esterification, transesterification, hydrogenation, isomerisation (including racemization of optical isomers), alkylation, polymerization, demetallization of organometallics, nitration, Friedel-Crafts reactions, and hydrolysis. Novel catalysts are disclosed which involve combinations of the chalcogen compound-sulfuric acid compositions with one or more transition metal halides and/or with one or more surfactants. The surfactant-containing compositions are particularly useful for the treatment of materials containing lipophilic substances. Novel compositions containing a chalcogen compound-sulfuric acid component and one or more organic reactants are also disclosed.
含有硫酸和一种或多种某些含查尔根化合物(其中查尔根化合物 H2SO4 摩尔比低于 2)的组合物含有硫酸单加成物,该加成物具有促进有机化学反应的催化活性。合适的含镓化合物的经验式为
其中 X 是一种查尔根,R1 和 R2 各自独立地选自氢、NR3R4 和 NR5,R1 和 R2 中至少有一个不是氢,R3 和 R4 各自是氢或一价有机基,R5 是二价有机基。此类组合物可用于催化有机反应,如氧化、氧化加成、还原、还原加成、酯化、酯交换、氢化、异构化(包括光学异构体的消旋化)、烷基化、聚合、有机金属的脱金属化、硝化、Friedel-Crafts 反应和水解。已公开的新型催化剂涉及到铬化合物-硫酸组合物与一种或多种过渡金属卤化物和/或一种或多种表面活性剂的组合。含表面活性剂的组合物尤其适用于处理含有亲脂性物质的材料。此外,还公开了含有一种查尔根化合物-硫酸成分和一种或多种有机反应物的新型组合物。