work demonstrates the feasibility and power of electrophilic substitution on the peripheral carbon atoms of triarylcorroles as a synthetic tool to new derivatives. The large difference in the reactivity of the various carbon atoms on the macrocycle was shown to be of electronic rather than steric origin. A careful choice of reagents and a delicate control of reaction conditions allowed the selective
这项工作证明了在三芳基可罗的外围碳原子上亲电取代作为合成新衍生物的工具的可行性和能力。大环上各种碳原子反应性的巨大差异被证明是电子的而不是空间的。仔细选择试剂和精细控制反应条件允许选择性合成新衍生物,在所有这些衍生物中,仅在大环的直接连接的吡咯环中选择性地发生取代。这已通过各种产品的 X 射线晶体学及其核磁共振谱的详细分析得到证实。
Neuroprotection against superoxide anion radical by metallocorroles in cellular and murine models of optic neuropathy
作者:Akiyasu Kanamori、Maria-Magdalena Catrinescu、Atif Mahammed、Zeev Gross、Leonard A. Levin
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06781.x
日期:2010.7
J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 488–498.AbstractCorroles are tetrapyrrolic macrocycles that have come under increased attention because of their unique capabilities for oxidation catalysis, reduction catalysis, and biomedical applications. Corrole‐metal complexes (metallocorroles) can decompose certain reactive oxygen species (ROS), similar to metalloporphyrins. We investigated whether Fe‐, Mn‐, and Ga‐corroles have neuroprotective effects on neurons and correlated this with superoxide scavenging activity in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis was induced in retinal ganglion cell‐5 neuronal precursor cells by serum deprivation. Cell death was measured with sodium 3′‐[1‐[(phenylamino)‐carbonyl]‐3,4‐tetrazolium]‐bis (4‐methoxy‐6‐nitro) benzene‐sulfonic acid hydrate and calcein‐AM/propidium iodide assays. Fe‐ and Mn‐corroles, but not the non‐redox‐active Ga‐corrole used as control, reduced RGC‐5 cell death after serum deprivation. Serum deprivation caused increased levels of intracellular superoxide, detected by an increase in the fluorescence intensity of 2‐hydroxyethidium, and this was blocked by Fe‐ and Mn‐corroles, but not Ga‐corrole. In vivo real‐time confocal imaging of retinas after optic nerve transection assessed the superoxide production within individual rat retinal ganglion cells. Fe‐ and Mn‐corroles, but not Ga‐corrole, scavenged neuronal superoxide in vivo. Given that the neuroprotective activity of metallocorroles correlated with superoxide scavenging activity, Fe‐ and Mn‐corroles could be candidate drugs for delaying neuronal death after axonal injury in optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma.