双溴丙脒 | 496-00-4

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯酚醚
• 中文名称: 双溴丙脒
• 中文别名: 二溴普波咪定
• 英文名称: dibromopropamidine
• 英文别名: dibrompropamidine；3,3'-dibromo-4,4'-propanediyldioxy-bis-benzamidine；1.3-Bis-(2-brom-4-carbamimidoyl-phenoxy)-propan；3,3'-Dibrom-4,4'-propandiyldioxy-bis-benzamidin；3-bromo-4-[3-(2-bromo-4-carbamimidoylphenoxy)propoxy]benzenecarboximidamide
• CAS: 496-00-4
• 化学式: C₁₇H₁₈Br₂N₄O₂
• 分子量: 470.164
• InChiKey: GMJFVGRUYJHMCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.2
• 重原子数：
  25
• 可旋转键数：
  8
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.18
• 拓扑面积：
  118
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

溴主要通过吸入进入人体，但也可以通过皮肤接触。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的活性，它会迅速形成溴化物并可能沉积在组织中，取代其他卤素。

Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

溴是一种强大的氧化剂，能够从粘膜的水分中释放氧自由基。这些自由基也是有力的氧化剂，能造成组织损伤。此外，氢溴酸和溴酸的形成会导致二次刺激。溴离子还已知会影响中枢神经系统，导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子在神经递质和传输系统的反应中替代氯离子的结果，从而影响许多突触过程。(L626, L627, A543)

Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

溴蒸气会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，长期暴露会产生神经元效应。这被称为溴中毒，可能导致从中枢反应嗜睡到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射丧失或病理反射、阵挛性癫痫、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、瘫痪、眼乳头水肿、异常言语、脑水肿、谵妄、攻击性和精神疾病等症状。

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L626）；吸入（L626）；皮肤给药（L626）

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

溴蒸汽会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。症状包括流泪、流鼻涕、眼部刺激伴有来自口咽和上呼吸道的粘液分泌、咳嗽、呼吸困难、窒息、喘息、鼻出血和头痛。溴离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，会引起共济失调、言语不清、震颤、恶心、呕吐、乏力、眩晕、视觉障碍、不稳、头痛、记忆和注意力受损、定向障碍和幻觉。这被称为溴中毒。

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  丙咪定 、 双溴丙脒 、 己脒定 在 L-亮氨酸 、 10A 、 10B 、 丙咪定 、 双溴丙脒 、 己脒定 作用下， 以 L-亮氨酸 为溶剂， 生成 喷他脒
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Use and administration of bacterial efflux pump inhibitors

  摘要：

  本发明提供了流出泵抑制剂与抗微生物药物联合使用以治疗由耐药病原体引起的感染，新型流出泵抑制剂，流出泵抑制剂与抗微生物药物的联合剂型以及新型医疗方法。

  公开号：

  US07947741B2
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  4,4'-[1,3-丙烷二基二(氧基)]二(3-溴苯甲腈) 生成 双溴丙脒
  参考文献：
  名称：

  138.寻找化学am。部X.替补4：4'-脒基α ω -diphenoxyalkanes和二苯基醚类

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1039/jr9490000642
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  丙咪定 、 双溴丙脒 、 己脒定 在 L-亮氨酸 、 10A 、 10B 、 丙咪定 、 双溴丙脒 、 己脒定 作用下， 以 L-亮氨酸 为溶剂， 生成 喷他脒
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Use and administration of bacterial efflux pump inhibitors

  摘要：

  本发明提供了外输泵抑制剂与抗微生物药物联合使用，用于治疗由耐药病原体引起的感染，新型外输泵抑制剂，外输泵抑制剂与抗微生物剂的联合剂型以及新型医疗方法。

  公开号：

  US20060276473A1

文献信息

• [EN] PYRAZOLO [4, 3-D] PYRIMIDINES USEFUL AS KINASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] PYRAZOLO[4,3-D]PYRIMIDINES UTILES EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE KINASES
  申请人：ORIGENIS GMBH

  公开号：WO2012143144A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-10-26

  The present invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I) that are capable of inhibiting one or more kinases, especially SYK (Spleen Tyrosine Kinase), LRRK2 (Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) and/or MYLK (Myosin light chain kinase) or mutants thereof. The compounds find applications in the treatment of a variety of diseases. These diseases include autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, bone diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, asthma, alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, skin disorders, eye diseases, infectious diseases and hormone-related diseases.

  本发明涉及一种能够抑制一个或多个激酶，特别是SYK（脾酪氨酸激酶）、LRRK2（富含亮氨酸重复的激酶2）和/或MYLK（肌球蛋白轻链激酶）或其突变体的化合物的新颖化合物（I）的公式。这些化合物在治疗各种疾病中发挥作用。这些疾病包括自身免疫疾病、炎症性疾病、骨疾病、代谢性疾病、神经和神经退行性疾病、癌症、心血管疾病、过敏、哮喘、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、皮肤疾病、眼部疾病、传染病和与激素相关的疾病。
• [EN] HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS KINASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE KINASES
  申请人：ORIGENIS GMBH

  公开号：WO2012143143A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-10-26

  The present invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I) that are capable of inhibiting one or more kinases, especially SYK (Spleen Tyrosine Kinase), LRRK2 (Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) and/or MYLK (Myosin light chain kinase) or mutants thereof. The compounds find applications in the treatment of a variety of diseases. These diseases include autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, bone diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, asthma, alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, skin disorders, eye diseases, infectious diseases and hormone-related diseases.

  本发明涉及一种能够抑制一个或多个激酶，特别是SYK（脾酪氨酸激酶）、LRRK2（富含亮氨酸重复激酶2）和/或MYLK（肌球蛋白轻链激酶）或其突变体的化合物的新颖化合物（I）的公式。这些化合物在治疗各种疾病中发挥作用。这些疾病包括自身免疫疾病、炎症性疾病、骨疾病、代谢性疾病、神经和神经退行性疾病、癌症、心血管疾病、过敏、哮喘、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、皮肤疾病、眼部疾病、传染病和与激素相关的疾病。
• Beta-O/S/N fatty acid based compounds as antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents
  申请人：Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

  公开号：EP2601941A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-06-12

  The present invention relates to beta-O/S/N fatty acids and derivatives thereof, in particular the compounds of formula (I) as described and defined herein, and their pharmaceutical use, including their use in the treatment or prevention of bacterial as well as protozoan infections, in particular the treatment or prevention of infections with Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria and infectious diseases caused by and/or related to Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria. The invention further relates to the use of these compounds for preventing or eliminating biofilms.

  本发明涉及beta-O/S/N脂肪酸及其衍生物，特别是如本文所述和定义的公式(I)化合物，及其医药用途，包括用于治疗或预防细菌以及原生动物感染，特别是治疗或预防革兰氏阳性细菌和/或革兰氏阴性细菌引起的感染和传染病以及与之相关的感染和传染病。该发明还涉及这些化合物用于预防或消除生物膜。
• [EN] BETA-O/S/N FATTY ACID BASED COMPOUNDS AS ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS À BASE DE BÊTA-O/S/N ACIDES GRAS EN TANT QU'AGENTS ANTIBACTÉRIENS ET ANTI-PROTOZOAIRES
  申请人：UNIV MUENCHEN L MAXIMILIANS

  公开号：WO2013083724A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-06-13

  The present invention relates to beta-O/S/N fatty acids and derivatives thereof, in particular the compounds of formula (I) as described and defined herein, and their pharmaceutical use, including their use in the treatment or prevention of bacterial as well as protozoan infections, in particular the treatment or prevention of infections with Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria and infectious diseases caused by and/or related to Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria. The invention further relates to the use of these compounds for preventing or eliminating biofilms.

  本发明涉及β-O/S/N脂肪酸及其衍生物，特别是如本文所述和定义的公式(I)化合物，以及它们的医药用途，包括用于治疗或预防细菌以及原生动物感染，尤其是治疗或预防革兰氏阳性菌和/或革兰氏阴性菌感染以及由革兰氏阳性菌和/或革兰氏阴性菌引起的传染病。本发明进一步涉及使用这些化合物来预防或消除生物膜。
• Hydroxylated nebivolol metabolites
  申请人：O'Donnell P. John

  公开号：US20070014733A1

  公开（公告）日：2007-01-18

  Hydroxylated nebivolol metabolites increase NO release from human endothelial cell preparations in a concentration dependent fashion following acute administration. In addition, hydroxylated nebivolol metabolites, including but not limited to 4-hydroxy-6,6′difluoro-, 4-hydroxy-5-phenol-6,6′difluoro-, and 4-hydroxy-8-pheno-6,6′difluoro-, have the ability to increase the capacity for NO release in human endothelial cells following chronic administration. This invention provides hydroxylated nebivolol metabolites and compositions comprising nebivolol and/or at least one hydroxylated metabolite of nebivolol and/or at least one additional compound used to treat cardiovascular diseases or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In addition, this invention provides methods of treating and/or preventing vascular diseases by administering at least one hydroxylated metabolite of nebivolol that is capable of releasing a therapeutically effective amount of nitric oxide to a targeted site affected by the vascular disease. Also, this invention is directed to the treatment and/or prevention of migraine headaches administering at least one hydroxylated metabolite of nebivolol. This invention may also be used in conjunction with or as a single treatment of metabolic syndrome disorders.

  羟基化奈必洛尔代谢物在急性给药后以浓度依赖性方式增加人内皮细胞制剂的一氧化氮释放。此外，羟基化奈必洛尔代谢物，包括但不限于4-羟基-6,6'-二氟代-、4-羟基-5-苯酚-6,6'-二氟代-和4-羟基-8-苯并-6,6'-二氟代-，在慢性给药后能够增加人内皮细胞的一氧化氮释放能力。本发明提供了羟基化奈必洛尔代谢物和包含奈必洛尔和/或至少一种羟基化奈必洛尔代谢物和/或至少一种用于治疗心血管疾病的附加化合物的组合物，以及可药用的盐。此外，本发明还提供了通过给药至少一种能够释放治疗有效量的一氧化氮到受血管疾病影响的靶向部位的羟基化奈必洛尔代谢物来治疗和/或预防血管疾病的方法。本发明还涉及通过给药至少一种羟基化奈必洛尔代谢物来治疗和/或预防偏头痛。本发明还可以与治疗代谢综合征障碍的其他治疗联合使用，或作为单一治疗。