烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(还原型辅酶I)是一种转递质子(更准确来说是氢离子)的辅酶,广泛出现在细胞的各种代谢反应中。其还原形式为NADH + H+,最多可携带两个质子。
用途β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸钠是一种生物活性形式的烟酸,用作氢化酶和脱氢酶的辅酶。NAD通常充当氢受体,形成NADH,并在呼吸链中作为氢供体。主要以还原形式(NADPH)存在于活细胞中,并参与合成反应。NAD有两种构型形式:α-NAD和β-NAD,其中仅β-异头物具有生物活性。
生理功能人体中重要的辅酶之一,在多种氧化还原反应中起关键作用,并广泛出现在细胞的各种代谢反应中。作为生物催化反应必不可少的辅酶,参与上千种生理反应,例如细胞三羧酸循环(TCA)、脂肪β氧化等,在糖、脂肪和氨基酸等营养物质的代谢利用过程中具有重要意义。同时,NAD是某些酶(如NAD+依赖型ADP核糖基转移酶)的唯一底物,这些酶将辅酶I(NAD+)分解成ADP核糖和烟酰胺(Nam),在不同细胞中发挥不同的生理功能,如参与DNA修复、细胞氧化压力调节等。
生物活性NADH作为一种辅酶,在分解代谢过程中(例如糖酵解、β氧化和三羧酸循环)起再生性给电子体的作用。同时,它在ADP-核糖基化作用中是一种ADP-核糖供体单元,并作为周期性ADP-核糖的前驱体。
靶点人类内源代谢物,在广泛的酶催化氧化还原反应中形成辅酶NAD+与NADH这对辅酶对;同时,它在ADP-核糖基化作用(如ADP-核糖基转移酶、聚合(ADP-核糖聚合酶)反应)中作为一种ADP-核糖供体单元;并且作为周期性ADP-核糖的前驱体。
We investigated organelle-targeted bioinspired ESIPT/PCET-based Ir(iii)-complexes as promising (photo)chemotherapeutic lead compounds which actively operational in redox-catalysis under hypoxia to evoke synergistic ferroptosis/apoptosis.
Co2+‐ZIF‐67 metal‐organic framework nanoparticles (NMOFs), act as nanozymes catalyzing diverse processes, including peroxidase, oxidase, and catalase activities. Peroxidase activities are reflected by the nanozyme‐catalyzed H2O2 oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome, the H2O2 oxidation of NADH to NAD+, the H2O2‐catalyzed generation of chemiluminescence through oxidation of luminol, and the H2O2‐mediated oxidation of aniline to polyaniline. Oxidase activities of the nanozyme are demonstrated by the Co2+‐ZIF‐67 NMOFs catalyzed aerobic oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome and of NADH to NAD+, and catalase activities of the nanozyme are reflected by the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Moreover, the Co2+‐ZIF‐67 catalyzed oxidation of aniline to polyaniline (PAN) by H2O2 is accompanied by the coating of NMOFs with PAN to yield a Co2+‐ZIF‐67/PAN hybrid material. Coating the particles in the presence of guest substrates leads to molecular imprinted PAN matrices revealing enhanced ZIF‐67 catalyzed transformations as compared to non‐imprinted PAN matrices. This is demonstrated by imprinting of 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid), ABTS2−, in the PAN coating and the 3.3‐fold enhanced catalyzed oxidation of ABTS2− by H2O2, as compared to the non‐imprinted PAN hybrid composite. Moreover, imprinting of L‐/D‐DOPA in the PAN coating of Co2+‐ZIF‐67 NMOFs leads to chiro‐selective H2O2‐guided oxidation of L‐/D‐DOPA to dopachrome by the NMOFs/PAN composite.