Thermal and Photochemistry of Perfluoro-1,6-heptadiene and the Perfluoro-1,3,6-heptatrienes
摘要:
Pyrolysis transformed the title diene (1) into a 9:1 mixture of perfluorobicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (2) and cis-perfluorobicyclo[3.2.0]heptane (3) at 300 degrees C and at > 450 degrees C principally into perfluarocyclopentene (11). Mercury-sensitized vapor phase photolysis of 1 also yielded 2 and 3, but the latter now dominated and its trans isomer 13 was formed as well. In the presence of nitrogen as a bath gas, the product was further enriched in the [3.2.0] isomers. Radical bromination of 1, a model reaction for the triplet photocyclization, gave cis- and trans-perfluoro-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclopentane (IB). Configurations were assigned to the cis and trans isomers of perfluoro-1,3,6-heptatriene (19 and 20), and they were equilibrated with iodine/visible light (K-t-->c = 1.6(7) in CDCl3, 14 degrees C). The cis triene underwent electrocyclization at 133 degrees C to perfluoro-3-allylcyclobutene (27); thermal ring opening of this cyclobutene yielded exclusively the cis isomer. At 250 degrees C both the cis triene and the allylcyclobutene were transformed quantitatively into perfluorobicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene (28). Trans triene gave no detectable cyclobutene over a range of temperatures, but yielded the [3.1.1] compound at 250 degrees C. Ultraviolet irradiation of cis triene produced the allylcyclobutene, and mercury photosensitization of either compound (or the trans triene) proceeded a step farther to give tricycloheptane valence isomers (31 and 32). The internal [2 + 2] cycloadditions described here contribute to our knowledge of the ground rules for reactions of this type in unsaturated fluorocarbons.
Thermal and Photochemistry of Perfluoro-1,6-heptadiene and the Perfluoro-1,3,6-heptatrienes
摘要:
Pyrolysis transformed the title diene (1) into a 9:1 mixture of perfluorobicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (2) and cis-perfluorobicyclo[3.2.0]heptane (3) at 300 degrees C and at > 450 degrees C principally into perfluarocyclopentene (11). Mercury-sensitized vapor phase photolysis of 1 also yielded 2 and 3, but the latter now dominated and its trans isomer 13 was formed as well. In the presence of nitrogen as a bath gas, the product was further enriched in the [3.2.0] isomers. Radical bromination of 1, a model reaction for the triplet photocyclization, gave cis- and trans-perfluoro-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclopentane (IB). Configurations were assigned to the cis and trans isomers of perfluoro-1,3,6-heptatriene (19 and 20), and they were equilibrated with iodine/visible light (K-t-->c = 1.6(7) in CDCl3, 14 degrees C). The cis triene underwent electrocyclization at 133 degrees C to perfluoro-3-allylcyclobutene (27); thermal ring opening of this cyclobutene yielded exclusively the cis isomer. At 250 degrees C both the cis triene and the allylcyclobutene were transformed quantitatively into perfluorobicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene (28). Trans triene gave no detectable cyclobutene over a range of temperatures, but yielded the [3.1.1] compound at 250 degrees C. Ultraviolet irradiation of cis triene produced the allylcyclobutene, and mercury photosensitization of either compound (or the trans triene) proceeded a step farther to give tricycloheptane valence isomers (31 and 32). The internal [2 + 2] cycloadditions described here contribute to our knowledge of the ground rules for reactions of this type in unsaturated fluorocarbons.
Polymeric dyes that comprise (a) segments that render the dyes soluble or dispersible in hydrocarbon solvents and (b) segments that impart color. The polymeric dyes can be introduced into hydrocarbon solvents or formed in hydrocarbon solvents to form stable colored dispersions, which can be used as toners for electrophotography. In these toners, the polymeric dye contains macromeric moieties that render the polymeric dye dispersible in hydrocarbon solvents. The polymeric dye may contain either a charge-directing chelating moiety or a surface-release promoting moiety or both of these moieties.
Liquid toners for use with perfluorinated solvents
申请人:MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY
公开号:EP0594472A2
公开(公告)日:1994-04-27
An electrostatic liquid toner imaging process uses a liquid toner comprises a perfluorinated solvent and polymer resin-bound pigment particles. The polymer resin is preferably a resin containing highly fluorinated or perfluorinated units within the polymer resin or a resin comprising of at least 10% perfluorinated units, the rest comprising nonfluorinated units.