Formation of 4-Methylphenanthrenes in Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Diethyl 2,2‘-Diiodo-4,4‘-biphenyldicarboxylate with Internal Alkynes, Using Methyl Nitrobenzoates as the Methylating Agent
作者:Ashis Baran Mandal、Gene-Hsiang Lee、Yi-Hung Liu、Shie-Ming Peng、Man-kit Leung
DOI:10.1021/jo991100u
日期:2000.1.1
The reaction of diethyl 2,2'-diiodo-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate (7) with diarylacetylenes in the presence of 3,5-(NO2)(2)C6H3CO2Me (MeDNB) or 4-(NO2)C6H4CO2Me (MePNB), Pd(OAc)(2) (10 mol %), K2CO3, and Bu4NBr, in DMF at 100 degrees C, gives 4-methyl-9,10-diaryl-2,7-phenanthrenediccarboxylic acid diethyl esters in good yields. The methyl group at position 4 originates from the electron-deficient methyl nitrobenzoates. High regioselectivity for the annulation of 7 with nonsymmetrical diarylalkynes was observed with the selectivity controlled mainly by electronic factors rather than by steric factors. A competitive kinetic isotope study was carried out using a 1:1 mixture of MePNB and MePNB-d(3) in the annulation reaction of 7 which gave 4-methyl- and 4-(methyl-d(3))phenanthrene in a 67:33 ratio, leading to an apparent value of k(H)/k(D) = 1.26. Possible mechanisms for the methyl transferring process are discussed.