Haloarene Derivatives of Carbamazepine with Reduced Bioactivation Liabilities: 2-Monohalo and 2,8-Dihalo Derivatives
摘要:
The anticonvulsant carbamazepine 1 is associated with aderse drug reactions (ADRs), including hepatotaxicity; oxidative Metabolism of 1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the ADRs. We report the synthesis and evaluation of 2-monohalo and 2,8-dihalo analogues of 1 that were intended to minimize reactive metabolite formation via arene oxidation and 10,11-epoxidation. Halo analogues were obtained either by rearrangement of halogenated N-arylindoles or from specifically halogenated iminodibenzyl derivatives. In rat hepatocytes, none of the :analogues underwent oxidative dehalogenation or glutathiohe adduction. Some formation of the 10,11 epoxide still. occurred, but :aromatic hydroxylation was not seen with the exception of 2-fluoro, which allowed minor monohydroxylation. Complete inhibition of aromatic hydroxylation required at least monochlorination or difluorination of 1. In human liver microsoms, difluoro analogue 5b underwent 10,11-epoxidation but gave no arene oxidation.
Enhancing Reactivity and Selectivity of Aryl Bromides: A Complementary Approach to Dibenzo[
<i>b,f</i>
]azepine Derivatives
作者:Alessandra Casnati、Marco Fontana、Giovanni Coruzzi、Brunella Maria Aresta、Nicola Corriero、Raimondo Maggi、Giovanni Maestri、Elena Motti、Nicola Della Ca'
DOI:10.1002/cctc.201800940
日期:2018.10.9
Dihydrodibenzo[b,f]azepines and dibenzo[b,f]azepines can be efficiently synthesized from aryl bromides, o‐bromoanilines and norbornene or norbornadiene by means of palladium catalysis. This protocol gives access to dibenzo[b,f]azepine core containing a variety of electron‐withdrawing substituents on both aromatic rings and complements the previously reported methodology where electron rich aryl iodides