Foams composed of water-absorbing basic polymers, obtainable by (I) foaming a crosslinkable aqueous mixture including (a) at least one basic polymer whose basic groups have optionally been neutralized, (b) at least one crosslinker, (c) at least one surfactant, (d) optionally at least one solubilizer, (e) optionally thickeners, foam stabilizers, fillers, fibers and/or cell nucleators, and (f) optionally particulate water-absorbing acidic polymers, by dissolving a gas which is inert toward free radicals in the crosslinkable aqueous mixture under a pressure from 2 to 400 bar and subsequently decompressing the crosslinkable aqueous mixture to atmospheric or by dispersing fine bubbles of a gas which is inert toward free radicals, and (II) crosslinking the foamed mixture to form a hydrogel foam and if applicable adjusting the water content of the polymer foam to 1-60% by weight. Preparation of the foams by application of the abovementioned measures (I) and (II) and use of the thus obtainable foams in hygiene articles to absorb body fluids, in dressing material to cover wounds, as a sealing material, as a packaging material, as a soil improver, as a soil substitute, to dewater sludges, to absorb aqueous acidic wastes, to thicken waterborne paints or coatings in the course of disposing of residual quantities thereof, to dewater water-containing oils or hydrocarbons or as a material for filters in ventilation systems.
由吸
水碱性聚合物组成的泡沫,可通过以下方法获得:(I)使可交联
水性混合物发泡,该混合物包括(a)至少一种碱性聚合物,其碱性基团可选择被中和,(b)至少一种
交联剂,(c)至少一种表面活性剂,(d)可选择的至少一种
增溶剂,(e)可选择的
增稠剂、泡沫稳定剂、填充剂、纤维和/或细胞核,以及(f)可选择的微粒吸
水酸性聚合物、在 2 至 400 巴的压力下,在可交联的
水性混合物中溶解对自由基惰性的气体,然后将可交联的
水性混合物减压至大气压,或分散对自由基惰性的细小气泡,以及 (II) 交联发泡混合物以形成
水凝胶泡沫,并酌情将聚合物泡沫的含
水量调整至 1-60%(按重量计)。通过上述(I)和(II)措施制备泡沫塑料,并将由此获得的泡沫塑料用于吸收体液的卫生用品、覆盖伤口的敷料、密封材料、包装材料、土壤改良剂、土壤替代品、污泥脱
水、吸收
水性酸性废物、在处理残留量的过程中增稠
水性涂料或涂层、含
水油或碳氢化合物脱
水或作为通风系统过滤器的材料。