The present invention describes preparation of nanocomposite particles and structures by polymerizing monomers onto a functional inorganic colloid comprising a polymerization initiation site. The polymerization process is preferably a controlled/living polymerization process, including but not limited to, atom transfer radical polymerization and stable free radical polymerization. The nanocomposite particles can self-organize in solution, on surfaces or in films forming nanocomposite structures. Tethered AB block nanocomposite particles bring size control, solubility control and control over micro- and macro-functionality to the particles. The process may be catalyzed by a transition metal complex which participates in a reversible redox cycle with at least one of the group and a compound having a radically transferable atom or group, to form a nanocomposite particle with a tethered polymer chain. The process may be continued to form tethered copolymer chain. The particle may be silicon based including, for example, silica, silicates and polysilsesquioxane. A nanocomposite structure may be formed by casting, depositing or forming the material including nanocomposite particles.
A controlled polymerization process is described in which the polymerization free radically (co)polymerizable ionic monomers is initiated in the presence of a system initially comprising a transition metal complex, and an initiator comprising a radically transferable azide group. The process may include an excess of one or more uncomplexed ligand and at least a portion of the nonionic monomers may be polar monomers. The ionic monomer may be anionic or cationic.
A controlled polymerization process for the preparation of water soluble block copolymers including polymerizing radically (co)polymerizable monomers in the presence of a system initially comprising a water soluble macroinitiator, and a transition metal complex comprising one or more ligands is also disclosed.
A pigment dispersion includes a pigment and a block copolymer having ionic aromatic monomers. The pigment dispersions can be used for manufacturing inkjet inks and for the coating of colored layers. A process for preparing the pigment dispersion is also disclosed.
A polymeric dispersant having a block copolymer structure or a segmented oligomer structure wherein the block copolymer structure or segmented oligomer structure includes a segment polymerized by monomers according to Formula (I):
wherein;
R1 represents hydrogen or methyl;
Y represents O, S, or NH;
Aryl represents an aromatic group or a heteroaromatic group; and
X represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, or a cation. A process for manufacturing the polymeric dispersant and the application of the polymeric dispersant in pigment dispersions, inkjet inks, and colored layers.
To provide a multinuclear complex including at least one ligand L satisfying the following requirements (i) r (ii) and (iii), and a plurality of metal atoms in a molecule:
(i) having a group having polymerizable reactive multiple bonds, and/or a ring-opening polymerizable ring,
(ii) having five or more coordination atoms bonding to the metal atoms, and
(iii) being soluble in a solvent.