4-Methyl-α-phenyl-trans-zimtsaeure

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯丙烷和聚酮 - 二苯乙烯类
• 英文名称: 4-Methyl-α-phenyl-trans-zimtsaeure
• 英文别名: (2E)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-phenyl-2-propenoic acid；(E)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-phenylprop-2-enoic acid
• 化学式: C₁₆H₁₄O₂
• 分子量: 238.286
• InChiKey: GDRZOUTYRVLNHB-RVDMUPIBSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.9
• 重原子数：
  18
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.06
• 拓扑面积：
  37.3
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  4-Methyl-α-phenyl-trans-zimtsaeure 在 4-二甲氨基吡啶 、 C₅₆H₇₂IrNOP 、 氢气 、 caesium carbonate 、 N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 甲醇 为溶剂， 45.0 ℃ 、101.33 kPa 条件下， 反应 4.5h， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Enantioselective iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation of α-arylcinnamic acids and synthesis of (S)-equol

  摘要：

  By using iridium catalyst based on chiral spiro phosphine-oxazoline ligands, the hydrogenation of alpha-arylcinnamic acids was accomplished under ambient pressure and low catalyst loading (as low as 0.01 mol %), providing useful 2,3-diarylpropionic acids in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). A catalytic enantioselective synthesis of (S)-equol with the present hydrogenation reaction as a key step was accomplished starting from commercially available starting materials in six steps with 48.4% overall yield. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.118
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  苯乙酸 、 对甲基苯甲醛 在 乙酸酐 、 三乙胺 作用下， 以55%的产率得到4-Methyl-α-phenyl-trans-zimtsaeure
  参考文献：
  名称：

  辛可尼定修饰的钯催化剂上氟取代的（E）-2,3-二苯丙酸加氢中高达96％的对映选择性

  摘要：

  在不存在和存在苄胺的情况下，在辛可尼定改性的负载型钯催化剂上研究了甲氧基和氟取代的（E）-2,3-二苯基丙酸衍生物的对映选择性氢化。适当位置的氟取代基在增加饱和产物的光学纯度方面甚至比甲氧基更有效。在某些双取代衍生物的氢化反应中，可以获得高达96％的高对映选择性，而在改性多相催化剂上，前手性不饱和羧酸的氢化反应却是前所未有的。在氢化在β苯基上带有对位取代基和邻位的衍生物的氢化中，可以达到最佳的光学纯度。α-苯环上的-取代基分别。取代基对β-苯环的影响归因于通过电子效应提高的改性剂-底物相互作用的效率，或者归因于取代的酸在改性表面上的吸附强度的降低。假定邻位取代基对α苯基环的有益作用是由于该取代基与表面改性剂的额外相互作用，其空间位阻仅在很小的程度上有助于观察到的效果。这些建议得到了一些甲基取代衍生物的氢化结果的支持。

  DOI：

  10.1002/adsc.200800458

文献信息

• Palladium-Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Alkynes with Carbon Dioxide
  作者：Wenfang Xiong、Fuxing Shi、Ruixiang Cheng、Baiyao Zhu、Lu Wang、Pengquan Chen、Hongming Lou、Wanqing Wu、Chaorong Qi、Ming Lei、Huanfeng Jiang

  DOI：10.1021/acscatal.0c01687

  日期：2020.7.17

  with high regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. Experimental and DFT mechanistic studies revealed that this reaction proceeded via the cyclopalladation process of alkynes and carbon dioxide in the presence of binap to generate a five-membered palladalactone intermediate and enabled the formation of Markovnikov adducts. Moreover, this strategy provided an effective method for the late-stage

  已经建立了Pd催化的炔烃与二氧化碳的高度区域选择性加氢羧化反应。通过Pd（PPh 3）4的组合和2,2'-双（二苯基膦基）-1,1'-联萘（binap），可以利用各种功能化的炔烃，包括芳基炔烃，脂族炔烃，炔丙基胺和炔丙基醚，来提供多种α -丙烯酸在温和的反应条件下具有高的区域选择性和高收率。实验和DFT机理研究表明，该反应通过在binap存在下炔烃和二氧化碳的环palpalladation过程进行，生成五元的palladalactone中间体，并能够形成马尔可夫尼科夫加合物。此外，该策略为含炔烃的复杂分子（包括天然产物和药物）的后期功能化提供了有效的方法。
• Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds in Basic Solutions. Part 34. The Mechanism of the Base-Catalysed Ring Fission of 2,3-Diphenylcycloprop-2-en-1-one
  作者：Keith Bowden、Emma J. Burgess

  DOI：10.1135/cccc19991594

  日期：——

  The rate coefficients for the base-catalysed ring fission of a series of 2-phenyl-3-(2-, 3- or 4-substituted phenyl)cycloprop-2-en-1-ones to give the corresponding (E)-2,3-diphenylacrylic acids have been determined in water at 30.0 °C, as well as for the unsubstituted compound at 40.0, 50.0 and 60.0 °C. The effects of meta- and para-substituents on the rates have been correlated using the Hammett equation to give a reaction constant, ρ, equal to ca 1.2 at 30 °C. For the unsubstituted compound, the activation parameters have been calculated and the kinetic solvent isotope effect has been studied. The effects of ortho-substituents on the rates appear to be mainly polar, rather than steric, in origin. The evidence indicates a mechanistic pathway which proceeds by addition of hydroxide anion to the ketone, which is rate-determining. The adduct suffers ring fission to give the final product via a carbanionic intermediate.

  一系列2-苯基-3-(2-, 3- 或 4-取代苯基)环丙烯酮在30.0°C的水中的碱催化环裂速率系数已确定，以及未取代化合物在40.0、50.0和60.0°C的速率系数。利用Hammett方程相关了对速率的间位和对位取代基的影响，得到在30°C时等于约1.2的反应常数ρ。对于未取代化合物，已计算了活化参数并研究了动力学溶剂同位素效应。取代基对速率的影响似乎主要是极性的，而不是立体的。证据表明，该机理途径通过氢氧根离子加成到酮中，这是决定速率的步骤。该加合物经历环裂，生成最终产物，通过一个碳负离子中间体。
• Pd-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Aryl–Aryl Bond Formation via Double C(sp²)–H Bond Activation: Efficient Synthesis of [3,4]-Fused Oxindoles
  作者：Ala Bunescu、Tiffany Piou、Qian Wang、Jieping Zhu

  DOI：10.1021/ol503442n

  日期：2015.1.16

  A Pd(0)-catalyzed double cyclization of easily available o-bromoanilides leading to strained [3,4]-fused oxindoles was developed. The reaction proceeded through a highly ordered sequence involving key carbopalladation, 1,4-Pd migration, and C(sp2)–H functionalization steps.

  开发了Pd（0）催化的容易获得的邻溴代苯甲酰苯胺的双环化反应，导致应变的[3,4]稠合的吲哚。该反应通过一个高度有序的过程进行，该过程涉及关键的碳pal触，1,4-Pd迁移和C（sp 2）–H官能化步骤。
• N-substituted heterocyclic derivatives useful in the treatment of
  申请人：Elf Sanofi, A French Corp.

  公开号：US05274104A1

  公开（公告）日：1993-12-28

  The present invention relates to N-substituted heterocyclic derivatives of formula: ##STR1## processes for their preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions which contain them. The compounds according to the invention are non-peptide compounds which oppose the action of angiotensin II. The compounds according to the invention are thus useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and heart failure.

  本发明涉及公式为N-取代杂环衍生物的化合物，其制备方法以及含有它们的药物组合物。根据本发明的化合物是非肽类化合物，可以对抗血管紧张素II的作用。因此，根据本发明的化合物在治疗高血压和心力衰竭等心血管疾病方面具有用途。
• Structural requirements for substrate in highly enantioselective hydrogenation over the cinchonidine-modified Pd/C
  作者：Takashi Sugimura、Takayuki Uchida、Junya Watanabe、Takeshi Kubota、Yasuaki Okamoto、Tomonori Misaki、Tadashi Okuyama

  DOI：10.1016/j.jcat.2008.11.022

  日期：2009.2.15

  Relationship between substrate Structure and enantioselectivity is studied for the asymmetric hydrogenation of 42 different (E)-alpha, beta-disubstituted acrylic acids (propenoic acids) over cinchonidine-modified Pd/C. The beta-phenyl group is indispensable for high enantioselectivity of alpha-phenylcinnamic acid (2,3-diphenylpropenoic acid, 81% ee), and substitution on this group affects markedly the selectivity. The high ee up to 92% was achieved by the beta-p-alkoxyphenyl substitution, and the selectivity is ascribed mainly to stronger interaction of the substrate with the chiral modifier on the catalyst surface. In contrast, substitution on the alpha-phenyl group does not affect notably the enantioselectivity (80-82% ee) or even the alpha-phenyl group itself is not indispensable but replaceable with a properly bulky group for the high enantioselectivity, (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.