氯化铥(III) | 13537-18-3

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 镧系盐
• 中文名称: 氯化铥(III)
• 中文别名: 三氯化铥；氯化铥；氯化铥(III)(无水)
• 英文名称: thulium(III) chloride
• 英文别名: thullium trichloride；thulium trichloride；thullium chloride；thulium chloride；Thulium Chloride Solution；thulium(3+);trichloride
• CAS: 13537-18-3
• 化学式: Cl₃Tm
• 分子量: 275.293
• InChiKey: ILOTUXNTERMOJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K

物化性质

• 熔点：
  821 °C
• 沸点：
  1488 °C
• 溶解度：
  溶于H2O

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.07
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

毒理性

• 副作用

纤维原性 - 引发组织损伤和纤维化（疤痕形成）。

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S26,S36
• 危险类别码：
  R36/37/38
• WGK Germany：
  2
• 海关编码：
  28273985
• RTECS号：
  XP0525000
• 储存条件：
  室温且干燥

SDS

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Section 1: Product Identification
Chemical Name: Thulium (III) chloride, anhydrous (99.9%-Tm) (REO)
CAS Registry Number: 13537-18-3
Formula: TmCl3
EINECS Number: 236-904-9
Chemical Family: metal halide
Synonym: Thulium trichloride

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Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Ingredient CAS Number Percent ACGIH (TWA) OSHA (PEL)
Title Compound 13537-18-3 100% no data no data

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Section 3: Hazards Identification
Emergency Overview: Irritating to skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
Primary Routes of Exposure: Ingestion, inhalation
Eye Contact: Causes mild irritation to the eyes.
Skin Contact: Causes slight irritation of the skin.
Inhalation: Inhalation of dust leads to irritation of the respiratory tract.
Ingestion: No information is available on the physiological effects of ingestion.
Acute Health Affects: Irritating to skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
Chronic Health Affects: No information available on long-term chronic effects.
NTP: No
IARC: No
OSHA: No

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SECTION 4: First Aid Measures
Immediately flush the eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 10-15 minutes. A victim may need
Eye Exposure:
assistance in keeping their eye lids open. Get immediate medical attention.
Wash the affected area with water. Remove contaminated clothes if necessary. Seek medical assistance if
Skin Exposure:
irritation persists.
Remove the victim to fresh air. Closely monitor the victim for signs of respiratory problems, such as difficulty
Inhalation:
in breathing, coughing, wheezing, or pain. In such cases seek immediate medical assistance.
Seek medical attention immediately. Keep the victim calm. Give the victim water (only if conscious). Induce
Ingestion:
vomiting only if directed by medical personnel.

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SECTION 5: Fire Fighting Measures
Flash Point: not applicable
Autoignition Temperature: none
Explosion Limits: none
Extinguishing Medium: none required
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: No special fire fighting procedures required.
Hazardous Combustion and none
Decomposion Products:
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards: No unusual fire or explosion hazards.

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SECTION 6: Accidental Release Measures
Spill and Leak Procedures: Small spills can be mixed with vermiculite or sodium carbonate and swept up.

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SECTION 7: Handling and Storage
Handling and Storage: Store material in a tightly sealed bottle away from moisture.

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SECTION 8: Exposure Controls and Personal Protection
Eye Protection: Always wear approved safety glasses when handling a chemical substance in the laboratory.
Skin Protection: Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves and protective clothing.
Ventilation: Material may form a fine dust. If possible, handle the material in an efficient fume hood.
If ventilation is not available, a respirator should be worn. The use of respirators requires a Respiratory
Respirator:
Protection Program to be in compliance with 29 CFR 1910.134.
Ventilation: Material may form a fine dust. If possible, handle the material in an efficient fume hood.
Additional Protection: No additional protection required.

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SECTION 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Color and Form: off-white pwdr.
Molecular Weight: 275.29
Melting Point: 821°
Boiling Point: no data
Vapor Pressure: no data
Specific Gravity: no data
Odor: none
Solubility in Water: soluble

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SECTION 10: Stability and Reactivity
Stability: hygroscopic
Hazardous Polymerization: no hazardous polymerization
Conditions to Avoid: contact with moisture
Incompatibility: Active metals
Decomposition Products: none

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SECTION 11: Toxicological Information
Administration into the eye (rabbit); Standard Draize test: 500 mg/24H. Administration into the eye (rabbit);
RTECS Data: Standard Draize test: 50 mg. Oral (mouse); LD50: 4294 mg/kg. Intraperitoneal (mouse); LD50: 332 mg/kg.
Intraperitoneal (guinea pig); LD50: 144 mg/kg.
Carcinogenic Effects: No data available
Mutagenic Effects: No data available
Tetratogenic Effects: No data available

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SECTION 12: Ecological Information
Ecological Information: No information available

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SECTION 13: Disposal Considerations
Disposal: Dispose of according to local, state and federal regulations.

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SECTION 14: Transportation
Shipping Name (CFR): Non-hazardous
Hazard Class (CFR): NA
Additional Hazard Class (CFR): NA
Packaging Group (CFR): NA
UN ID Number (CFR): NA
Shipping Name (IATA): Non-hazardous
Hazard Class (IATA): NA
Additional Hazard Class (IATA): NA
Packaging Group (IATA): NA
UN ID Number (IATA): NA

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SECTION 15: Regulatory Information
TSCA: Listed in the TSCA inventory.
SARA (Title 313): Title compound not listed.
Second Ingredient: none

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

氯化铥，又称为三氯化铥，是一种无机化合物，化学式为TmCl₃，呈现黄色晶体形态。其结构类似于YCl₃(AlCl₃)，铥离子处于八面体环境中。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  氯化铥(III) 在 Na stannate 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 thulium metastannate (IV)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Sn: MVol.C4, 39.3, page 151 - 151

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  thulium(III) chloride hexahydrate 生成 氯化铥(III)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  二价稀土的新混合卤化物化合物M F X（M = Sm，Eu，Tm和Yb；X = Cl，Br和I）

  摘要：

  据报道合成了新的二价稀土混合卤化物化合物M F X（M = Sm，Eu，Tm，Yb; X = Cl，Br，I）。给出了这些化合物的晶格参数和X射线衍射图，所有这些化合物均以四方PbFCl型排列形式结晶。讨论了这种结构类型内的几何变化及其与FeSi 2结构的关系。

  DOI：

  10.1016/0022-4596(78)90067-1

文献信息

• Ternary Chlorides in the SystemsACl/TmCl3(A=Cs, Rb, K)
  作者：Chagoui Zheng、Hans J. Seifert

  DOI：10.1006/jssc.1997.7610

  日期：1998.1

  The phase diagrams of the systemsACl/TmCl3(A=Cs, Rb, K) were investigated by DTA and XRD. CompoundsA3TmCl6,A2TmCl5,ATm2Cl7, and Cs3Tm2Cl9exist. Rb2TmCl5is the first 2:1 compound in the series La to Lu crystallizing in the Cs2DyCl5structure with connected [TmCl6] octahedra. By emf vsTmeasurements in galvanic chlorine cells for solid electrolytes for all compounds,ATm2Cl7excepted, the thermodynamic functions

  通过DTA和XRD研究了系统A Cl / TmCl 3（A = Cs，Rb，K）的相图。存在化合物A 3 TmCl 6，A 2 TmCl 5，A Tm 2 Cl 7和Cs 3 Tm 2 Cl 9。Rb 2 TmCl 5是从La到Lu的第一个2：1化合物，在具有连接的[TmCl 6 ]八面体的Cs 2 DyCl 5结构中结晶。通过emf vs T在原氯细胞和用于所有化合物的固体电解质的测量，阿的Tm 2氯7除外，用于从在相图相邻化合物形成热力学函数可以被确定。
• Comparison of thermal properties of lanthanide trimellitates prepared by different methods
  作者：Renata Łyszczek

  DOI：10.1007/s10973-008-9203-z

  日期：2008.9

  By diffusion in gel medium new complexes of formulae: Nd(btc)⋅6H2O, Gd(btc)⋅4.5H2O and Er(btc)·5H2O (where btc=(C6H3(COO)3 3−) were obtained. Isomorphous compounds were crystallized in the form of globules. During heating in air atmosphere they lose stepwise water molecules and then anhydrous complexes decompose to oxides. Hydrothermally synthesized polycrystalline lanthanide trimellitates form two groups of isomorphous compounds. The light lanthanides form very stable compounds of the formula Ln(btc)⋅nH2O (where Ln=Ce−Gd and n=0 for Ce; n=1 for Gd; n=1.5 for La, Pr, Nd; n=2 for Eu, Sm). They dehydrate above 250°C and then immediately decomposition process occurs. Heavy lanthanides form complexes of formula Ln(btc)⋅nH2O (Ln=Dy−Lu). For mostly complexes, dehydration occurs in one step forming stable in wide range temperature compounds. As the final products of thermal decomposition lanthanide oxides are formed.

  在凝胶介质中扩散得到了新的配合物：Nd(btc)·6H2O、Gd(btc)·4.5H2O和Er(btc)·5H2O（其中btc=(C6H3(COO)3 3−）。这些同构化合物以小球形式结晶。在空气气氛中加热时，它们逐步失去水分子，然后无水配合物分解为氧化物。水热合成的多晶态镧系元素苯三羧酸盐形成了两组同构化合物。轻镧系元素形成非常稳定的化合物，其化学式为Ln(btc)·nH2O（其中Ln=Ce−Gd，n=0表示Ce；n=1表示Gd；n=1.5表示La, Pr, Nd；n=2表示Eu, Sm）。它们在250°C以上脱水，随后立即发生分解过程。重镧系元素形成的配合物化学式为Ln(btc)·nH2O（Ln=Dy−Lu）。大多数配合物在一阶段脱水，形成了在宽温范围内稳定的化合物。热分解的最终产物是镧系氧化物。
• Lanthanide Carbonates
  作者：Rafał Janicki、Przemysław Starynowicz、Anna Mondry

  DOI：10.1002/ejic.201100184

  日期：2011.8

  The crystal and molecular structures of the rare earth carbonates with the general formulae [C(NH2)]3[Ln(CO3)4(H2O)]·2H2O (where Ln = Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+) and [C(NH2)]3[Ln(CO3)4]·2H2O (where Ln = Y3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, Lu3+) were determined. The crystals consist of monomeric [Ln(CO3)4(H2O)]5– or [Ln(CO3)4]5– complex anions in which the carbonate ligands coordinate to the

  通式为[C（NH 2）] 3 [Ln（CO 3）4（H 2 O）] · 2H 2 O的稀土碳酸盐的晶体和分子结构（其中Ln = Pr 3+，Nd 3+，Sm 3+，Eu 3+，Gd 3+，Tb 3+）和[C（NH 2）] 3 [Ln（CO 3）4 ] · 2H 2 O（其中Ln = Y 3+，Dy 3+， Ho 3+，Er 3+，Tm测定了3+，Yb 3+，Lu 3+。晶体由单体[Ln（CO 3）4（H 2 O）] 5–或[Ln（CO 3）4 ] 5–络合阴离子组成，其中碳酸盐配体以双齿方式与Ln 3+离子配位。确定了结晶镧系碳酸盐及其水溶液的光谱学性质（UV / Vis / NIR和IR）。光谱数据与结构数据之间的相关性使我们能够得出结论：[Ln（CO 3）4（OH）] 6–和[Ln（CO 3）4 ] 5–种在轻和重镧系元素溶液中分别占主导地位。还讨论了Ln–O相互作用的性质。实验数据以及理论计算表明，Ln–O（CO
• Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state tartrates of heavy trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III)
  作者：B. Ambrozini、P. R. Dametto、M. Ionashiro

  DOI：10.1007/s10973-011-1370-7

  日期：2011.9

  Solid state Ln2-L3 compounds, where Ln stands for heavy trivalent lanthanides (terbium to lutetium) and yttrium, and L is tartrate [(C4H4O6)−2] have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results provided information concerning the stoichiometry, crystallinity, ligand’s denticity, thermal stability and thermal behaviour of these compounds.

  固态Ln2-L3化合物（其中Ln代表重三价镧系元素，从铽到镥及钇，L为酒石酸根[(C4H4O6)−2]）已被合成。同时使用热重分析和差热分析、差示扫描量热法、X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、元素分析及络合滴定等多种手段对这些化合物的性质和热行为进行了表征和研究。研究结果提供了有关这些化合物的化学计量比、结晶性、配体配位数、热稳定性和热行为的信息。
• The Lanthanide Contraction Revisited
  作者：Michael Seitz、Allen G. Oliver、Kenneth N. Raymond

  DOI：10.1021/ja072750f

  日期：2007.9.1

  series of complexes with La-Lu (except Pm) with the ligand TREN-1,2-HOIQO has been synthesized and structurally characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray analysis. All complexes are 1D-polymeric species in the solid state, with the lanthanide being in an eight-coordinate, distorted trigonal-dodecahedral environment with a donor set of eight unique oxygen atoms. This series constitutes the first complete

  已经合成了具有配体 TREN-1,2-HOIQO 的 La-Lu（除了 Pm）的完整的同构系列配合物，并通过单晶 X 射线分析对其进行了结构表征。所有配合物都是固态的一维聚合物，镧系元素处于八坐标、扭曲的三角十二面体环境中，具有八个独特的氧原子供体组。该系列构成了来自 La-Lu（不含 Pm）的第一套完整的同构配合物，具有大于 2 的齿数配体。根据基于沿配位多面体所有边缘的二面角比较的形状参数度量分析，螯合部分的几何排列在整个镧系元素系列中略有偏差。单个 Ln-O 键长的明显镧系元素收缩与之前在许多具有低齿数配体的配合物中发现的预期二次减少有很大差异。然而，三价金属阳离子周围所有键长的总和更规则，在整个系列中显示出几乎理想的二次行为。镧系元素收缩的二次性质从理论上推导出用于计算离子半径的 Slater 模型。此外，沿配位多面体边缘的所有距离的总和显示出与 Ln-X 键长完全相同的二次依赖关系。这种配位球收缩的普遍有效性，伴随着