溴化镱 | 13759-89-2

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 镧系盐
• 中文名称: 溴化镱
• 中文别名: 溴化镱(III)
• 英文名称: ytterbium bromide
• 英文别名: ytterbium tribromide；yttrbium bromide；ytterbium(III) bromide；Ytterbium(3+);tribromide
• CAS: 13759-89-2
• 化学式: Br₃Yb
• 分子量: 412.752
• InChiKey: QNLXXQBCQYDKHD-UHFFFAOYSA-K

物化性质

• 熔点：
  >300 °C(lit.)
• 溶解度：
  溶于H2O
• 稳定性/保质期：
  在常温常压下稳定，应避免接触水分、潮湿以及氧化物。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.54
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

溴主要通过吸入进入人体，但也可以通过皮肤接触。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的活性，它会迅速形成溴化物并可能沉积在组织中，取代其他卤素。

Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

溴是一种强大的氧化剂，能够从粘膜的水分中释放出氧自由基。这些自由基也是有力的氧化剂，能够造成组织损伤。此外，氢溴酸和溴酸的形成将导致二次刺激。溴离子还已知会影响中枢神经系统，导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子取代神经递质和传输系统中的氯离子的结果，从而影响许多突触过程。（L626, L627, A543）

Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

溴蒸气会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，长期暴露会产生神经元效应。这被称为溴中毒，可能导致从中睡意到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射丧失或病理反射、阵挛性癫痫、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、瘫痪、眼乳头水肿、言语异常、脑水肿、谵妄、攻击性和精神病的中心反应。

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L626）；吸入（L626）；皮肤给药（L626）

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

溴蒸气会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。症状包括流泪、流鼻涕、眼部刺激伴有来自咽和上呼吸道的粘液分泌、咳嗽、呼吸困难、窒息、喘息、鼻出血和头痛。溴离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，会引起共济失调、言语不清、震颤、恶心、呕吐、乏力、眩晕、视觉障碍、不稳、头痛、记忆和注意力受损、定向障碍和幻觉。这被称为溴中毒。

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 储存条件：
  常温下应存放在密闭容器中，并置于阴凉、通风、干燥处。

SDS

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Section 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE
Product identifiers
Product name : Ytterbium(III) bromide
CAS-No. : 13759-89-2

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Section 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Classification of the substance or mixture
Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
This substance is not classified as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC.
Label elements
The product does not need to be labelled in accordance with EC directives or respective national laws.
Other hazards - none

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Section 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Substances
Formula : Br3Yb
Molecular Weight : 412,75 g/mol

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Section 4. FIRST AID MEASURES
Description of first aid measures
If inhaled
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
In case of skin contact
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
In case of eye contact
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
If swallowed
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
Rare earth compounds may cause delayed blood clotting leading to hemorrhages. Inhalation of rare earths
may cause sensitivity to heat, itching, and increased awareness of odor and taste., To the best of our
knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated.
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
no data available

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Section 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Hydrogen bromide gas, ytterbium oxides
Advice for firefighters
Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
Further information
no data available

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Section 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.
Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Reference to other sections
For disposal see section 13.

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Section 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
Precautions for safe handling
Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.Normal measures for preventive fire
protection.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Moisture sensitive.
Specific end uses
no data available

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Section 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Control parameters
Components with workplace control parameters
Exposure controls
Appropriate engineering controls
General industrial hygiene practice.
Personal protective equipment
Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards
such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection
Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique
(without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of
contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and
the standard EN 374 derived from it.
Body Protection
Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous
substances, and to the specific work-place., The type of protective equipment must be selected
according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection
Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired,
use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and
approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

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Section 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Information on basic physical and chemical properties
a) Appearance Form: powder
Colour: white
b) Odour no data available
c) Odour Threshold no data available
d) pH no data available
e) Melting point/freezing Melting point/range: > 300 °C - lit.
point
f) Initial boiling point and no data available
boiling range
g) Flash point not applicable
h) Evaporation rate no data available
i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available
j) Upper/lower no data available
flammability or
explosive limits
k) Vapour pressure no data available
l) Vapour density no data available
m) Relative density no data available
n) Water solubility no data available
o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available
octanol/water
p) Autoignition no data available
temperature
q) Decomposition no data available
temperature
r) Viscosity no data available
s) Explosive properties no data available
t) Oxidizing properties no data available
Other safety information
no data available

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Section 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Reactivity
no data available
Chemical stability
no data available
Possibility of hazardous reactions
no data available
Conditions to avoid
Avoid moisture.
Incompatible materials
Strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous decomposition products
Other decomposition products - no data available

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Section 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity
no data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
no data available
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
no data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization
no data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
no data available
Carcinogenicity
IARC: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as
probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
Reproductive toxicity
no data available
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
no data available
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
no data available
Aspiration hazard
no data available
Potential health effects
Inhalation
May be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation.
Ingestion May be harmful if swallowed.
Skin May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation.
Eyes May cause eye irritation.
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure
Rare earth compounds may cause delayed blood clotting leading to hemorrhages. Inhalation of rare earths
may cause sensitivity to heat, itching, and increased awareness of odor and taste., To the best of our
knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated.
Additional Information
RTECS: Not available

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Section 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Toxicity
no data available
Persistence and degradability
no data available
Bioaccumulative potential
no data available
Mobility in soil
no data available
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
no data available
Other adverse effects
no data available

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Section 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste treatment methods
Product
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contaminated packaging
Dispose of as unused product.

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Section 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
UN number
ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: -
UN proper shipping name
ADR/RID: Not dangerous goods
IMDG: Not dangerous goods
IATA: Not dangerous goods
Transport hazard class(es)
ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: -
Packaging group
ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: -
Environmental hazards
ADR/RID: no IMDG Marine pollutant: no IATA: no
Special precautions for user
no data available

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Section 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
This safety datasheet complies with the requirements of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006.
Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture
no data available
Chemical Safety Assessment
and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

溴化镱概述

溴化镱（YbBr₃）是一种无色晶体，分子量为412.75，熔点为956℃（分解）。另一种形式的溴化镱八水合物（YbBr₃·8H₂O）是绿色粉末，具有吸湿性。这两种化合物都溶于水、乙醇或乙醚。

制备

溴化镱可用于制备石英金属卤化物灯。该灯包括一个外部密封外壳和内部空间中的电弧管。电弧管内填充有化学物质，其中包括卤化钠以及选自碘化铕、溴化铕、碘化镨、溴化镨、碘化镱或溴化镱的镧系元素卤化物。镧系元素卤化物的比例占化学填充物总质量的2%到6%。电极部分位于填充空间内。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  溴化镱 在 Li 作用下， 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂， 生成 Br2Yb, high temperature
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Schilling, Gaby; Kunert, Christine; Schleid, Thomas, Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  在 Br₂ 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 为溶剂， 以100%的产率得到溴化镱
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis and characterization of pentaphenyldiytterbium Ph2Yb(THF)(μ-Ph)3Yb(THF)3

  摘要：

  The binuclear ytterbium complex Ph2Yb(THF)(mu-Ph)3Yb(THF)3 (1) was obtained in reactions of naphthaleneytterbium C10H8Yb(THF)2 with diphenylmercury or triphenylbismuth in THF. An X-rav crystallographic study (a = 11.099(2), b = 19.876(4), c = 19.723(4) angstrom, beta = 103.33(3)-degrees, Z = 2, space group P2(1)) showed that the molecule of 1 has two Yb atoms coupled by three bridging Ph groups, which are linked with the first Yb atom by an eta-1 bond and with the second one by an unsymmetrical n-2 bond. In addition the first Yb atom has an eta-1 bond with two terminal Ph groups and one coordinated THF molecule whereas the second Yb atom is linked with three THF molecules. The coordination of both Yb atoms is a distorted octahedron. In the crystal, there are two symmetrically independent molecules of 1 with a similar structure. The Yb-C (terminal Ph) bond length is 2.388-2.463 angstrom. The eta-1- and eta-2-Yb-C (bridging Ph) bond distance varies in the ranges 2.475-2.584, 2.547-2.751 and 2.877-3.250 angstrom. The magnetic moment mu(eff) (per Yb(III) atom) is 4.0 +/- 0.05-mu(B). Reactions of 1 with water, HCl, Br2, MeI and CO2 give benzene, bromobenzene, toluene and PhCOOH, respectively.

  DOI：

  10.1016/0022-328x(92)83316-a

文献信息

• Amidoliganden zum Aufbau von mehrkernigen Lanthanoidkomplexen
  作者：S. Kraut、J. Magull、U. Schaller、M. Karl、K. Harms、K. Dehnicke

  DOI：10.1002/(sici)1521-3749(199807)624:7<1193::aid-zaac1193>3.0.co;2-n

  日期：1998.7

  Durch Umsetzungen von LnBr3 mit NaNHPh in THF im Verhaltnis 1 : 1 erhalt man die dimeren Seltenerdkomplexe [Ln2Br4(μ2-NHPh)2(thf)5] (Ln = Sm (1), Ln=Gd (2)) mit verbruckenden Anilidoliganden. Mit dem System LnBr3/NaNHPh/(Me2SiO)3 gelangt man zu den vierkernigen Verbindungen [Ln4(μ4-O)(NHPh)3(OSiMe2NPh)6Na5(thf)7] · THF (Ln=Gd (3), Ln = Yb (4)) mit interstitiellem Sauerstoffatom, die uber jeder Kante

  LnBr3 与 NaNHPh 在 THF 中以 1:1 的比例转化得到二聚稀土配合物 [Ln2Br4 (μ2-NHPh) 2 (thf) 5] (Ln = Sm (1), Ln = Gd (2))桥接苯胺配体。系统 LnBr3 / NaNHPh / (Me2SiO) 3 导致四核化合物 [Ln4 (μ4-O) (NHPh) 3 (OSiMe2NPh) 6Na5 (thf) 7] · THF (Ln = Gd (3), Ln = Yb (4) )) 在四面体的每个边缘上带有一个氧杂-二甲基甲硅烷基-N-苯基酰胺配体的间隙氧原子和在三个角上带有一个苯胺配体的间隙氧原子。具有 O 和 N 桥连 Yb – Na 骨架的化合物 [Na4 (thf) 6Yb2 (OSiMe2NPhSiMe2O) 2 (OSiMe2NPh) 2 (NHPh) 2] (5) 在该反应中作为副产物形成。除了化合物 3 和 4
• Structural characterization of methanol substituted lanthanum halides
  作者：Timothy J. Boyle、Leigh Anna M. Ottley、Todd M. Alam、Mark A. Rodriguez、Pin Yang、Sarah K. Mcintyre

  DOI：10.1016/j.poly.2010.02.027

  日期：2010.5

  25(MeOH)](+0.25) [LaBr(3.25)*4.75(MeOH)](-0.25)} (4). The fully substituted species was ultimately isolated through the dissolution of dried LaBr(3) in MeOH forming the 8-coordinated [LaBr(3)(MeOH)(5)] (5) complex. It was determined that the concentration of the crystallization solution directed the structure isolated (4 concentrated; 5 dilute) The other LaX(3) derivatives were isolated as [(MeOH)(4)(Cl

  使用甲醇（MeOH）进行了卤化镧[LaX（3）]衍生物的醇溶化作为降低LaBr（3）闪烁体生产温度的一种手段的首次研究。最初，通过在室温下简单地将1溶解在MeOH中，研究了[La（micro-Br）（H（2）O）（7）]（Br）（2）}（2）（1）的脱水。分离出混合的溶剂化物单体[La（H（2）O）（7）（MeOH）（2）]（Br）（3）（2）化合物，其中La金属中心通过与两种其他的MeOH溶剂，但必须将内球Br转移到外球。为了尝试将1的甲醇中的反应混合物在CaH（2）上干燥，分离了[Ca（MeOH）（6）]（Br）（2）（3）的晶体。在回流温度下将化合物1溶解在MeOH中，导致分离出异常结构，该结构被确定为盐衍生物[LaBr（2.75）* 5.25（MeOH）]（+ 0.25）[LaBr（3.25）* 4.75（MeOH）]（- 0.25）}（4）。最终，通过将干燥的LaBr（3）溶
• New mixed halide compounds MFX of divalent rare earths (M = Sm, Eu, Tm, and Yb; X = Cl, Br, and I)
  作者：H.P. Beck

  DOI：10.1016/0022-4596(78)90067-1

  日期：1978.1

  The synthesis of new mixed halide compounds MFX (M = Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb; X = Cl, Br, I) of divalent rare earths is reported. Lattice parameters and X-ray diffraction patterns are presented for these compounds, all of which crystallize in the tetragonal PbFCl-type arrangement. The geometric variations within this structure type and its relationships to the FeSi2 structure are discussed.

  据报道合成了新的二价稀土混合卤化物化合物M F X（M = Sm，Eu，Tm，Yb; X = Cl，Br，I）。给出了这些化合物的晶格参数和X射线衍射图，所有这些化合物均以四方PbFCl型排列形式结晶。讨论了这种结构类型内的几何变化及其与FeSi 2结构的关系。
• Thermodynamics of lanthanide elements III. Molar enthalpies of formation of Tb3+(aq(, Ho3+(aq), Yb3+(aq), Yb2+(aq), TbBr3(cr), HoBr3(cr), and YbBr3(cr) at 298.15 K
  作者：S. Bettonville、J. Goudiakas、J. Fuger

  DOI：10.1016/0021-9614(87)90065-6

  日期：1987.6

  Enthalpies of solution of high-purity terbium, holmium, and ytterbium metals and of the corresponding tribromides in aqueous hydrochloric acid of various molalities lead to the following standard molar enthalpies of formation ΔfHmo/(kJ · mol−1) at 298.15 K: Tb3+) (aq), −(698.3 ± 1.5); Ho3+(aq), −(707.2 ± 2.4); Yb3+(aq), −(670.5 ± 2.7); Yb2+(aq), −(530.4 ± 3.3); TbBr3(cr), −(839.1 ± 2.4); HoBr3(cr)

  高纯度铽、钬和镱金属以及相应的三溴化物在各种摩尔浓度的盐酸水溶液中的溶液焓导致以下标准摩尔形成焓 ΔfHmo/(kJ·mol-1) 在 298.15 K：Tb3+) (aq), -(698.3 ± 1.5); Ho3+(aq), -(707.2 ± 2.4); Yb3+(aq), -(670.5 ± 2.7); Yb2+(aq), -(530.4 ± 3.3); TbBr3(cr), -(839.1 ± 2.4); HoBr3(cr), -(842.1 ± 2.7); YbBr3(cr), -(793.8 ± 2.4)。-(1.06 ± 0.05) V 的值是从上述反应的标准电位结果推导出来的：Yb3+ + 12H2 = Yb2+ +H +，通过使用合适的熵值。这些结果被讨论并与以前的实验或评估值进行比较。
• Systematics and Anomalies in Rare Earth/Aluminum Bromide Vapor Complexes:  Thermodynamic Properties of the Vapor Complexes LnAl₃Br₁₂ from Ln = Sc to Ln = Lu
  作者：Zhi-Chang Wang、Jin Yu

  DOI：10.1021/ic061795z

  日期：2007.5.1

  Systematics and anomalies in the rare earth/aluminum bromide vapor complexes have been investigated by the phase equilibrium-quenching experiments. The measurements suggest that the LnAl3Br12 complexes are the predominant vapor complexes for the 16 rare earth elements Ln = Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu in the temperature range 601-833 K and pressure range 0.01-0

  已通过相平衡猝灭实验研究了稀土/溴化铝蒸气配合物中的系统异常。测量结果表明，LnAl3Br12络合物是16种稀土元素的主要气相络合物，Ln = Sc，Y，La，Ce，Pr，Nd，Sm，Eu，Gd，Tb，Dy，Ho，Er，Tm，Yb，和Lu在601-833 K的温度范围和0.01-0.22 MPa的压力范围内，这与稀土/氯化铝体系不同，稀土/氯化铝体系的主要络合物是从Ln = La到Ln = Lu的LnAl3Cl12，而对于Ln是LnAl2Cl9 ＝ Sc和Y大致在相同范围内，这表明卤素阴离子半径对稀土蒸气络合物形成的重要性。在温度和压力范围内 气态的Al2Br6和AlBr3是主要物质，LnAl3Br12的摩尔分数通常小于0.01。根据对16种稀土元素的测量值计算出反应LnBr3（s）+（3/2）Al2Br6（g）= LnAl3Br12（g）的热力学函数，然后对放射性元素Ln = Pm进行平