3-pentenenitrile, [liquid] appears as a clear colorless to amber liquid. Less dense than water. Flash point 104°F. Boiling point 296°F. Generally stable and not liable to polymerization. May be toxic by skin absorption, inhalation or ingestion. Prolonged exposure may result in delayed cyanide poisoning. Avoid direct contact with vapors, mists or liquid. May produce cyanide gas and carbon monoxide during combustion. Used in the manufacture of various organic chemicals.
溶解度：
less than 1 mg/mL at 66° F (NTP, 1992)
蒸汽压力：
1 mm Hg at 106 °F ; 5 mm Hg at 122° F; 40 mm Hg at 158° F (NTP, 1992)
稳定性/保质期：
按规定使用该物质不会分解，并且它能避免与氧化剂、碱性物质、高温及明火接触。
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
1
重原子数：
6
可旋转键数：
1
环数：
0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
0.4
拓扑面积：
23.8
氢给体数：
0
氢受体数：
1
ADMET
毒理性
副作用
其他毒物 - 化学窒息剂
Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
毒性数据
大鼠LC50 = 420 ppm/4小时
LC50 (rat) = 420 ppm/4h
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
The toxic mechanism of nitriles (including 3-pentenenitrile) and the effect of metabolic modifiers in mice were studied in relation to their physicochemical properties. All the test nitriles liberated cyanide both in vivo and in vitro, with the exception of benzonitrile, although the extent of liberation and the effect of carbon tetrachloride pretreatment on the mortality of animals differed among nitriles. From these results, test compounds were tentatively divided into 3 groups. In group 1, acute toxicity was greatly reduced by carbon tetrachloride pretreatment, in group 2, toxicity was not significantly changed or was somewhat enhanced, and in group 3, benzonitrile only, toxicity was clearly enhanced. The amount of cyanide was higher at death in the brains of mice given group 1 compounds, the level being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with potassium cyanide. The relation between log (1/LD50) and log p for the compounds in group 1 fitted a parabolic plot, while that for compounds in group 2 was linear. For most nitriles, the in vitro metabolism was inhibited when the incubation mixture contained either SKF-525A, carbon monoxide, or microsomes from mice treated with carbon tetrachloride. When mice were closed with ethyl alcohol, metabolic enhancement of nitriles was seen compared with the control. However, ethyl alcohol, when added to the incubation mixture, inhibited the in vitro metabolism of nitriles.
Rapid support of respiration and circulation is essential to successful treatment of cyanide intoxication. Massive cyanide overdoses have survived with only good supportive care. Immediate attention should be directed toward assisted ventilation, administration of 100% oxygen, insertion of intravenous lines, and institution of cardiac monitoring. Obtain an arterial blood gas immediately and correct any severe metabolic acidosis (pH below 7.15). Oxygen (100%) should be used routinely in moderate or severely symptomatic patients even in the presence of a normal pO2, since 100% O2 increases O2 delivery, may reactivate cyanide-inhibited mitochondrial enzymes, and potentiates the effect of thiosulfate. Avoid mouth to mouth resuscitation during CPR in order to prevent self poisoning. /Cyanides/
Amyl nitrite perles are designed to produce 3% to 5% methemoglobinemia while an iv line is established for iv sodium nitrite. As a temporizing measure, the patient inhales the vapors until the sodium nitrite is ready. Because of the variability in methemoglobin production and the potential for cardiovascular collapse, this step may be omitted if sodium nitrite is readily available and the patient is not in extremis. Adequate ventilation and oxygenation are more important than administration of amyl nitrite. One perle (0.2 ml) is crushed and inhaled for 30 seconds every minute until iv nitrite is given. Sodium nitrite (3% solution), as 10 ml of a 3% solution (eg, 300 mg), is administered iv slowly over 4 minutes to produce a 20% methemoglobin level in adults. Children should receive 0.33 ml of the 3% solution per kilogram initially at an infusion rate of 2.5 ml/min, up to a maximum of 10 ml. Administer sodium nitrite doses to children on the basis of body weight, since fatal methemoglobinemia has occurred in children. /Cyanides/
Highly Selective Hydroaminomethylation of Internal Alkenes To Give Linear Amines
作者：Moballigh Ahmed、Raymond P. J. Bronger、Ralf Jackstell、Paul C. J. Kamer、Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen、Matthias Beller
DOI：10.1002/chem.200600702
日期：2006.12.4
internal olefins and mixtures of internal and terminalolefins have been converted highly selectively into linearamines. Investigations of the effects of the calculated natural bite angles of ligands on hydroaminomethylation shows that the regioselectivity for the linear product follows a similar trend to that seen in the hydroformylation of internal alkenes with the aid of these ligands. Hydroaminomethylation
Herein, the synthesis of (Z)-α,β-unsaturated nitriles by a sequential hydroformylation/Knoevenagel reaction has been first developed. A variety of crude α-olefins from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, internal and special olefins, as well as alkynes could be transformed into value-added alkenyl nitriles (39 examples) up to 90% yield. Remarkably, compared with commonly used tedious multistep reactions, the
在此，首次开发了通过顺序加氢甲酰化/Knoevenagel 反应合成 ( Z )-α,β-不饱和腈。来自费-托合成的各种粗α-烯烃、内烯烃和特殊烯烃以及炔烃可以转化为增值的烯基腈（39 个例子），产率高达 90%。值得注意的是，与常用的繁琐的多步反应相比，一锅法的特点是原料便宜且容易获得，具有优异的化学选择性、区域选择性和立体选择性，反应条件非常温和，易于放大生产。
.alpha.-Benzylidene lactone derivatives
申请人：Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited
公开号：US03993771A1
公开（公告）日：1976-11-23
The present invention relates to novel .alpha.-benzylidene-.gamma.-butyrolactone derivatives and processes for the manufacture of them. Further, the present invention pertains to the fungicidal composition containing the same and use thereof.
Olefins are converted to nitriles by reacting with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of an organic thiol or sulphide and a catalytic amount of a cuprous salt which is soluble therein; especially for making 3-pentene nitrile from butadiene.
Process for Isomerization of CIS-2-Pentenenitrile to 3-Pentenenitriles
申请人：BASF SE
公开号：US20130289299A1
公开（公告）日：2013-10-31
The present invention relates to an improved process for batchwise or continuous isomerization of cis-2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitriles in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as catalyst.
