4-deoxy-D-galactose | 24707-41-3

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 氧烷类
• 英文名称: 4-deoxy-D-galactose
• 英文别名: 4-deoxy-D-xylo-hexopyranose；3-deoxy-D-glucose；4-deoxy-D-glucose；4-deoxy-D-galactopyranose；D-xylo-4-deoxy-hexose；ξ-D-xylo-4-deoxy-hexopyranose；4-Deoxy-d-glucopyranose；(3R,4S,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triol
• CAS: 24707-41-3；24707-42-4；28434-38-0；34339-27-0；34339-29-2；69088-89-7；70004-74-9；101470-45-5；141611-79-2
• 化学式: C₆H₁₂O₅
• 分子量: 164.158
• InChiKey: HDEMQQHXNOJATE-NSHGFSBMSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  366.9±42.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.533±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.2
• 重原子数：
  11
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  90.2
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  5

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  4-deoxy-D-galactose 在 吡啶 、 碘代三甲硅烷 、 β-galactosyltransferase 、 alkaline phosphatase 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 40.5h， 生成 9-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetylamino-5-((2S,3R,4S,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy]-nonanoic acid methyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Rapid Conversion of Unprotected Galactose Analogs to their Udp-Derivatives For Use in the Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Unnatural Oligosaccharides

  摘要：

  The rapid conversion of D-galactose, its 2-deoxy, 3-deoxy, 4-deoxy and 6-deoxy derivatives and L-arabinose to their UDP-derivatives (2-7) is described. The procedure involves the in situ preparation of the per-O-trimethylsilylated glycopyranosyl iodides and their direct reaction with UDP. All six sugar nucleotides were active as substrates for beta(1-->4)-galactosyltransferase and were used to enzymatically prepare N-acetyllactosamine (8) and five of its analogs (9-13).

  DOI：

  10.1080/07328309808001892
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  纤维素二糖 生成 4-deoxy-D-galactose
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Kochetkov,N.K. et al., Journal of general chemistry of the USSR, 1968, vol. 38, p. 2297 - 2303

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Synthesis of Modified Aldonic Acids and Studies of Their Substrate Efficiency for Dihydroxy Acid Dehydratase (DHAD)
  作者：G Limberg、G Limberg、J Thiem、J Thiem

  DOI：10.1071/ch9960349

  日期：——

  Modified aldopentonic and aldohexonic acids were synthesized in order to study the electronic requirements for a successful enzymatic conversion into their corresponding 2-keto 3-deoxy analogues by dihydroxy acid dehydratase (DHAD), an enzyme from the biosynthetic pathway of branched chain amino acids. Analytical tests with the novel artificial substrates (18)-(21) and (27) provided evidence that the amount of conversion could be enhanced by replacement of the hydroxy group at C4 of L-arabinonic acid (21) with less electron-withdrawing, ambivalent or electron-donating substituents. Modified aldohexonic acids were no substrates for DHAD, perhaps due to less perfect binding to the active site presumably for steric reasons. For 4-deoxy-L-threo-pentonic acid (18) the enzymatic conversion into 3,4-dideoxy-2-ketopentonic acid (29) by DHAD could be achieved on a preparative scale.

  为了研究支链氨基酸生物合成途径中的二羟基酸脱水酶（DHAD）将其成功酶促转化为相应的 2-酮 3-脱氧类似物的电子要求，我们合成了改良的醛戊酸和醛己酸。用新型人工底物（18）-（21）和（27）进行的分析测试证明，用较少的电子吸收、矛盾或电子供体取代 L-阿拉伯醛酸（21）C4 的羟基，可以提高转化率。修饰的醛己酸不是 DHAD 的底物，这可能是由于与活性位点的结合不够完美，也可能是由于立体原因。对于 4-脱氧-L-苏式戊酸（18），DHAD 可以将其酶转化为 3,4-二脱氧-2-酮戊酸（29）。
• The synthesis and hydrolysis of a series of deoxy- and deoxyfluoro-α-d- “glucopyranosyl” phosphates
  作者：Stephen G. Withers、M.David Percival、Ian P. Street

  DOI：10.1016/0008-6215(89)80055-2

  日期：1989.4

  syntheses of three deoxy-α- d - “glucopyranosyl” phosphates and a series of dideoxymonofluoro- and dideoxydifluoro-α- d -glucopyranosyl phosphates are described. Rate constants for their acid-catalyzed hydrolysis were determined. Deoxygenation in the sugar ring was shown to increase the hydrolysis rate to the extent seen previously for acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a series of phenyl deoxy- d - “glucopyranosides”

  摘要描述了三种脱氧-α-d-“吡喃葡萄糖基”磷酸酯和一系列双脱氧单氟-和双脱氧二氟-α-d-吡喃葡萄糖基磷酸酯的合成。测定其酸催化水解的速率常数。已显示糖环中的脱氧可将水解速率提高至先前对一系列苯基脱氧d-“吡喃葡萄糖苷”进行酸催化水解所见的程度[Mega and Matsushima，J. Biochem。东京，94（1983）1637]。这表明这两个反应的过渡态基本相同。通过确定一系列脱氧和脱氧氟取代的6-脱氧-6-氟-α-d-葡萄糖基吡喃糖基磷酸酯的水解速率，可证明对糖环的取代基作用具有可预测的加性，并且本质上主要是电子的，
• Chemical mapping of the active site of the glucoamylase of<i>Aspergillus niger</i>
  作者：Raymond U. Lemieux、Ulrike Spohr、Mimi Bach、Dale R. Cameron、Monica M. Palcic、Torben P. Frandsen、Bjarne B. Stoffer、Birte Svensson

  DOI：10.1139/v96-036

  日期：1996.3.1

  A recently developed technique for the probing of the combining sites of lectins and antibodies, to establish the structure of the epitope that is involved in the binding of an oligosaccharide, is used to study the binding of methyl α-isomaltoside by the enzyme glucoamylase. The procedure involved the determination of the effects on the kinetics of hydrolysis of both monodeoxygenation and mono-O-methylation at each of the seven hydroxyl groups in order to gain an estimate of the differential changes in the free energies of activation, ΔΔG^≠. As expected, from previous publications, both deoxygenation and O-methylation of OH-4 (reducing unit), OH-4′, or OH-6′ strongly hindered hydrolysis, whereas the kinetics were virtually unaffected by either the substitutions at OH-2 or structural changes at C-1. The substitutions at OH-3 caused increases of 2.1 and 1.9 kcal/mol in the ΔΔG^≠. In contrast, whereas deoxygenation of either OH-2′ or OH-3′ caused much smaller (0.96 and 0.52 kcal/mol) increases in ΔΔG^≠, the mono-O-methylations resulted in severe steric hindrance to the formation of the activated complex. The relatively weak effects of deoxygenation suggest that the hydroxyl groups are replaced by water molecules and thereby participate in the binding by contributing effective complementarity. Methyl α-isomaltoside was docked into the combining site of the X-ray crystal structure at 2.4 Å resolution of the complex with the inhibitor acarbose. A fit free of steric interactions with the protein was found that has the methyl α-glucopyranoside unit in the normal⁴C₁conformation and the other glucose unit approaching a half-chair conformation with the interunit fragment defined by the torsion angles [Formula: see text] The model provides a network of hydrogen bonds that appears to well represent the activated complex formed by the glucoamylase with both maltose and isomaltose since the structures appear to provide a sound rationale for both the specificity and catalysis provided by the enzyme. Key words: monodeoxy and mono-O-methyl derivatives of methyl α-isomaltoside, enzyme binding domain, functioning of glucoamylase, differential changes in free energy of activation, characteristics of hydrogen bonding networks.

  最近开发的一种技术用于探测凝集素和抗体的结合位点，以建立与寡糖结合中涉及的表位的结构，用于研究酶葡萄糖酶对甲基α-异麦芽糖的结合。该过程涉及确定对水解动力学的影响，包括每个七个羟基的单去氧和单-O-甲基化，以获得活化自由能的差异变化ΔΔG^≠的估计。如预期的那样，根据先前的发表，OH-4（还原单元）、OH-4'或OH-6'的脱氧和O-甲基化强烈阻碍了水解，而OH-2的置换或C-1的结构变化几乎不影响动力学。OH-3的置换导致ΔΔG^≠增加了2.1和1.9 kcal/mol。相比之下，OH-2'或OH-3'的脱氧导致ΔΔG^≠增加较小（0.96和0.52 kcal/mol），而单-O-甲基化导致了对激活复合物形成的严重位阻。脱氧的相对较弱影响表明，羟基被水分子取代，从而通过提供有效的互补性参与结合。甲基α-异麦芽糖被对接到X射线晶体结构的结合位点，分辨率为2.4 Å的复合物与抑制剂阿卡波糖。找到了与蛋白质无位阻相互作用的适合，其中甲基α-葡萄糖吡喃糖单元处于正常的4C1构象，另一个葡萄糖单元接近半椅构象，其间单元片段由扭转角度定义[Formula: see text]该模型提供了一个氢键网络，似乎很好地代表了由葡萄糖酶与麦芽糖和异麦芽糖形成的激活复合物，因为这些结构似乎为酶提供的特异性和催化提供了合理的基础。关键词：甲基α-异麦芽糖的单去氧和单-O-甲基衍生物，酶结合结构域，葡萄糖酶的功能，活化自由能的差异变化，氢键网络的特性。
• Substrate Specificity of 2-Deoxy-<i>scyllo</i>-inosose Synthase, the Starter Enzyme for 2-Deoxystreptamine Biosynthesis, toward Deoxyglucose-6-phosphates and Proposed Mechanism
  作者：Noriaki IWASE、Fumitaka KUDO、Noriaki YAMAUCHI、Katsumi KAKINUMA

  DOI：10.1271/bbb.62.2396

  日期：1998.1

  A crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of the 2-deoxystreptamine aglycon of clinically important aminocyclitol antibiotics is 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose synthase (DOIS), which is responsible for the initial carbocycle formation of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose (1) from D-glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) (2). To get more insight into the mechanism and substrate specificity, deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphates (deoxy-G-6-P)

  在临床上重要的氨基环糖醇类抗生素的2-脱氧链胺糖苷配子生物合成中的关键酶是2-脱氧鞘氨醇合酶（DOIS），该酶负责最初的碳环形成2-脱氧鞘氨醇（1）的过程。 D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸酯（G-6-P）（2）。为了更深入地了解机理和底物特异性，化学合成了脱氧-D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸酯（脱氧-G-6-P）并使其与DOIS反应。该酶似乎使用2-脱氧-G-6-P和3-脱氧-G-6-P作为底物，它们都被转化为相应的双脱氧-鞘脂肌糖产物，但是4-脱氧-G-6-P未能环化由DOIS。这些结果清楚地支持了所提出的反应机制，该机制涉及G-6-P底物在C-4处的初始氧化。
• Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Trehalose Analogues: Rapid Access to Chemical Probes for Investigating Mycobacteria
  作者：Bailey L. Urbanek、Douglas C. Wing、Krystal S. Haislop、Chelsey J. Hamel、Rainer Kalscheuer、Peter J. Woodruff、Benjamin M. Swarts

  DOI：10.1002/cbic.201402288

  日期：2014.9.22

  Trehalose tools for TB: A one‐step chemoenzymatic method for the rapid and efficient synthesis of trehalose analogues was developed. This method enabled facile preparation and administration of a trehalose‐based probe for detecting mycobacteria, which might enable the development of new diagnostic tools for tuberculosis (TB) research.

  用于结核病的海藻糖工具：开发了一种用于快速有效合成海藻糖类似物的一步化学酶法。这种方法使得可以方便地制备和使用基于海藻糖的探针来检测分枝杆菌，这可能有助于开发用于结核病（TB）研究的新诊断工具。