毒理性
该材料在商业上的用途非常广泛，包括作为玻璃纤维、粘合剂和密封剂、铸造树脂中的偶联剂和粘合促进剂，以及涂层的预处理应用等多种用途。...人类健康：3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)已经通过口服、皮肤和吸入途径进行了急性毒性测试。在大鼠中，急性口服LD50的范围从1570到3650毫克/千克体重。皮肤LD50为4.29克/千克体重，4小时吸入氢化物的LC50大于7.35毫克/升。5只雄性和雌性大鼠在实质性饱和蒸汽中暴露6小时后没有死亡（LT50>6小时）。肾脏是口服和皮肤暴露的毒性靶器官。APTES对皮肤和眼睛有严重刺激性。在豚鼠的Buehler研究中，30只动物中有7只表现出皮肤致敏反应。这种材料的水解产物在豚鼠最大致敏试验中没有引起致敏反应。大鼠连续4周吸入147毫克/立方米APTES水解物可吸入气溶胶，导致喉部鳞状上皮化和最小肉芽肿性喉炎灶。在兔子上连续9次皮肤给药17或84毫克/千克体重/天或3次重复皮肤给药126毫克/千克体重/天后，没有观察到全身毒性；接触部位的无观察到有害作用水平(NOAEL)小于17毫克/千克体重/天。在大鼠90天口服(灌胃)研究中，APTES的无观察到有害作用水平(NOAEL)为200毫克/千克体重/天。APTES已经在几个细菌反向突变/Ames试验、体外V79仓鼠肺细胞和中国仓鼠成纤维细胞染色体畸变试验、两个中国仓鼠卵巢细胞HGPRT基因突变试验和一个体内小鼠微核试验中进行了测试。体内和体外筛选试验没有发现遗传毒性潜力。在大鼠90天口服灌胃研究中，最高剂量水平(600毫克/千克/天)下，对发情周期和精子发生或生殖器官的参数没有影响。在大鼠口服(灌胃)暴露后，APTES的无观察到发育毒性作用水平(NOAEL)确定为100毫克/千克体重/天，基于死亡和胃肠道溃疡的母体毒性NOAEL小于0.5毫升/千克。环境：估计的分配系数Log Kow为0.31，估计的水溶性为7.6 x 10+5毫克/升；由于该材料在水中不稳定，这些值可能不适用...光降解模型表明，由于与光化学诱导的OH自由基反应，在大气中的半衰期大约为2.4小时。然而，光降解作为一种去除方式是不太可能的，也不被认为是重要的降解过程，因为APTES在水中不稳定。在溢油条件下，母体硅烷的浓度非常高。硅醇的浓度也可能很高；然而，硅醇迅速自聚形成水不溶的树脂状寡聚物和聚合物。预测形成的寡聚物和聚合物的分子量将超过1000。轶事证据表明，溢油产生的聚合物分子量在5000 - 10000之间。随着母体硅烷和产生的硅醇稀释，预测由聚合产生的聚合物分子量将较低。在足够低的硅醇浓度下，倾向于形成低分子量寡聚物。计算出在相关三烷氧基硅烷的1000 ppm下，平衡浓度将是86%硅醇单体和14%硅醇二聚体。在更低的浓度下，硅醇将作为未聚合的单体存在。这些聚合物将不具有生物可利用性。然而，由于物理效应（封装、堵塞鳃腔），这类物质可能会对水生生物造成毒性。APTES对淡水鱼（斑马鱼）的96小时LC50大于934毫克/升。APTES对水蚤的48小时EC50为331毫克/升。对淡水绿藻（亚型绿藻）的72小时EbC50为603毫克/升。基于细胞生长，淡水绿藻（亚型绿藻）在72小时EbC10为38毫克/升时实现了10%的细胞生长抑制；基于生长率，同一物种在（0-72小时）ErC10为321毫克/升时实现了10%的细胞生长抑制。由于APTES对水解敏感，可能在制备剂量溶液和/或测试过程中发生水解，因此观察到的毒性可能是由于水解产物乙醇和三硅醇引起的。[经济合作与发展组织；3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的筛选信息数据集]
Exposure: The commercial uses of this material are numerous and include various applications as coupling agents and adhesion promoters in fiberglass, adhesives and sealants, foundry resins, and in pre-treatment for coatings. ... Human Health: 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) has been tested for acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. Acute oral LD50s in rats range from 1570 to 3650 mg/kg bw. The dermal LD50 is 4.29 g/kg bw and the 4-hour inhalation LC50 of the hydrolysate is greater than 7.35 mg/L. Six hours of exposure to substantially saturated vapor of APTES did not kill any of the 5 male or female rats (LT50 > 6 hours). The kidney is a target organ for toxicity for oral and dermal exposures. APTES is severely irritating to the skin and eyes. In a Buehler study in guinea pigs, 7/30 animals showed a skin sensitization response. The hydrolysis products of this material do not elicit a sensitization response in a guinea pig maximization test. Repeated inhalation exposure of rats to 147 mg/cu m of APTES hydrolysate respirable aerosol for four weeks produced squamous metaplasia and foci of minimal granulomatous laryngitis. No systemic toxicity was observed in rabbits after 9 repeated dermal doses of 17 or 84 mg/kg bw/day or three repeated dermal doses of 126 mg/kg bw/day of APTES; the site of contact NOAEL is less than 17 mg/kg bw/day. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of APTES in a 90-day oral (gavage) study with rats was 200 mg/kg bw/day. APTES has been tested in several bacterial reverse mutation/Ames assays, in vitro V79 hamster lung cell and Chinese hamster fibroblast chromosome aberration assays, two Chinese hamster ovary cell HGPRT gene mutation assays, and an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. In vivo and in vitro screening assays have not revealed any evidence of genotoxic potential. At the highest dose-level (600 mg/kg/day) in a 90 day oral gavage study in rats, no effects were seen on parameters of oestrus cycle and spermatogenesis or reproductive organs. The NOAEL for developmental effects has been identified for APTES following exposure via oral (gavage) in rats, with a value of 100 mg/kg bw/day, the NOAEL for maternal toxicity based on deaths and ulceration of the GI tract is <0.5 mL/kg. Environment: The estimated partition coefficient Log Kow is 0.31 and the estimated water solubility is 7.6 x 10+5 mg/L; these values may not be applicable because the material is hydrolytically unstable... Photodegradation modeling indicates the halflife in the atmosphere due to the reaction with photochemically induced OH radicals to be approximately 2.4 hours. However, photodegradation as a mode of removal is unlikely and not expected to be a significant degradation process because APTES is hydrolytically unstable. In spill conditions, the concentration of the parent silane is very high. The silanols concentration could also be high; however, the silanol rapidly self-condenses to form water insoluble, resinous oligomers and polymers. The molecular weight of the resulting oligomers and polymers is predicted to be over 1000. Anecdotal evidence suggests the molecular weight of the polymers resulting from spills is 5000 - 10000. As the parent silane and the resulting silanol are diluted, it is predicted that the polymers resulting from condensation will be of lower molecular weight. At sufficiently low silanol concentrations, low molecular weight oligomers are favored. It is calculated that at 1000 ppm of a related trialkoxysilane, the equilibrium concentration will be 86% silanol monomer and 14% silanol dimer. At still lower concentrations, the silanol will exist as the uncondensed monomer. These polymers will not be bioavailable. However, such materials are likely to cause toxicity in aquatic species due to physical effects (encapsulation, blockage of gills). The APTES 96-hr LC50 is > 934 mg/L for freshwater fish (Brachydanio rerio). The 48-hr EC50 for APTES is = 331 mg/L for the water flea (Daphnia magna). The 72-hr EbC50 for freshwater green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) is 603 mg/L. On the basis of cell growth, a 10% suppression of cell growth for the freshwater green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus)was achieved at 72 hour EbC10 = 38 mg/L; on the basis of growth rate, a 10% suppression of cell growth in the same species was achieved at (0-72 hour) ErC10 = 321 mg/L. Since APTES is sensitive to hydrolysis, which may occur during preparation of the dosing solutions and/or during the testing, the observed toxicity is likely due to the hydrolysis products ethanol and trisilanols.[Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
