Variations of bistricyclic aromatic enes: mono-bridged tetraarylethene naphthologs
作者:Naela Assadi、Sergey Pogodin、Shmuel Cohen、Israel Agranat
DOI:10.1007/s11224-014-0482-7
日期:2015.2
The syntheses, molecular and crystal structures, NMR spectroscopic study, and DFT computational study of naphthologs of mono-bridged (X = –, O, S, Se, and Te) tetraarylethene (BAE-1s) 11–25 with α,α-, β,β-, and α,β-dinaphthalenyl substituents have been reported. The BAE-1s have been prepared by Barton–Kellog twofold extrusion from the respective chalcogenothiones and diazomethylenebisnaphthylenes. Complete assignments of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of 11–25 have been made through 2-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY). The corresponding intermediates, thiiranes 33–47, have been also isolated (except 38), and their molecular and crystal structures have been determined. The molecular structures of BAE-1s 12–15, 20, and 22–25 adopted folded-twisted conformations with considerably folded (φ = 30°–57°) tricyclic moieties. The α,α- and α,β-dinaphthalenyl derivatives are more overcrowded than β,β-dinaphthalenyl derivatives. The relief of the steric strain due to the overcrowding around C9 = C9′ caused by the presence of naphthalenyl substituents was achieved by their twisting around the single bonds that connect the α-naphthalenyl and β-naphthalenyl moieties to C9′. The 1H-NMR spectra have shown shielding of H2, H7 of 11–25 and the pronounced deshielding of H8′, H8″ of α,α-dinaphthalenyl-substituted BAE-1s 13–15 in contrast to β,β-dinaphthalenyl-substituted BAE-1s 16–20. The upfield shifts of H2, H7 suggested conformations in which these hydrogens are located above the planes of the opposing naphthalene rings. DFT calculations of 11–20 have been performed at B3LYP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/SDD. The results have shown that the global minima of BAE-1s without a chalcogen bridge 11 and 16 are twisted (–sc,–sc)-C 2-t conformations. The global minima of BAE-1s with a chalcogen bridge are folded-twisted (–sc,–ac)-C 1-ft conformations for α,α-dinaphthalenyl-substituted BAE-1s 12–15 and either anti- or syn-(–sc,ac)-C 1-ft conformations for β,β-dinaphthalenyl-substituted BAE-1s 17–20. The pronounced differences between the α,α-dinaphthalenyl and the β,β-dinaphthalenyl derivatives are noted. Dispersion-corrected B3LYP calculations stabilize significantly the α,α-dinaphthalenyl derivatives versus the β,β-dinaphthalenyl derivatives. The geometrical parameters of BAEs-1 11–15 and 20, derived from their molecular X-ray structures and from their B3LYP-optimized geometries are in a good agreement.
已报告了单桥连(X = –, O, S, Se 和 Te)四芳乙烯(BAE-1s)11–25 的萘类似物的合成、分子和晶体结构、核磁共振光谱研究以及密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究,这些化合物具有α,α-、β,β- 和α,β-二萘基取代基。BAE-1s 是通过巴顿–凯洛格的两次挤压从相应的硫族钟化合物和二萘基甲烯反应物制备的。通过二维相关光谱(DQF-COSY、HSQC、HMBC 和 NOESY)对11–25的1H-和13C-NMR谱进行了完全归属。相应的中间体,硫杂环33–47也被分离(38除外),并确定了它们的分子和晶体结构。BAE-1s 12–15、20及22–25的分子结构采纳了折叠扭曲的构象,具有相当折叠的(φ = 30°–57°)三环基团。α,α-和α,β-二萘基衍生物的拥挤程度大于β,β-二萘基衍生物。由于萘基取代基的存在,C9=C9'周围的拥挤导致的立体应变通过绕着连接α-萘基和β-萘基基团与C9'的单键扭转得以缓解。1H-NMR谱显示了11–25的H2、H7受到屏蔽,同时α,α-二萘基取代的BAE-1s 13–15的H8'、H8''遭受明显去屏蔽,与β,β-二萘基取代的BAE-1s 16–20形成对比。H2、H7的向上移动频移暗示这些氢处于对立萘环平面上方的构象。对11–20进行了B3LYP/6-31G(d)和B3LYP/SDD的DFT计算。结果显示,未带硫族桥的BAE-1s 11和16的全局最小值为扭曲的(–sc,–sc)-C 2-t构象。带硫族桥的BAE-1s的全局最小值分别为α,α-二萘基取代的BAE-1s 12–15的折叠扭曲(–sc,–ac)-C 1-ft构象和β,β-二萘基取代的BAE-1s 17–20的反向或同向(–sc,ac)-C 1-ft构象。注意到α,α-二萘基与β,β-二萘基衍生物之间的显著差异。经过色散修正的B3LYP计算显著稳定了α,α-二萘基衍生物,相对β,β-二萘基衍生物。根据分子X光结构和B3LYP优化几何结构得到的BAE-1 11–15和20的几何参数良好一致。