草酸铅(II) | 69657-50-7

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 草酸铅(II)
• 中文别名: 草酸铅
• 英文名称: lead(II) oxalate
• 英文别名: 1,3,2lambda2-Dioxaplumbolane-4,5-dione；1,3,2λ2-dioxaplumbolane-4,5-dione
• CAS: 69657-50-7
• 化学式: C₂O₄*Pb
• 分子量: 295.22
• InChiKey: FCHAMWMIYDDXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 稳定性/保质期：

  远离氧化物、日光和热。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -3.89
• 重原子数：
  7
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  80.3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

铅通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触被吸收，然后主要分布到骨骼和红细胞中。在血液中，铅可能被发现与血清白蛋白或金属结合蛋白金属lothionein结合。有机铅通过细胞色素P-450酶代谢，而无机铅与δ-氨基酮酸脱氢酶形成复合物。铅主要通过尿液和粪便排出。(L136)

Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铅模仿其他生物学上重要的金属，如锌、钙和铁，作为许多它们各自酶促反应的辅因子与之竞争。例如，铅已被证明能竞争性地抑制钙与钙调蛋白的结合，干扰神经递质的释放。它对NMDA受体和蛋白激酶C表现出类似的竞争性抑制，这损害了脑微血管的形成和功能，同时也改变了血脑屏障。铅还通过阻碍多巴胺合成的调节和阻止乙酰胆碱的诱发释放来影响神经系统。然而，铅的主要作用机制是通过抑制δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸脱水酶，这是一种在血红素生物合成中至关重要的酶，而血红素是血红蛋白必不可少的辅因子。(T4, A20, A22, L136)

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

有机铅化合物无法归类为对人类的致癌性（第3组）。在有机铅化合物部分代谢为离子铅的程度上，它们预计会表现出与无机铅（第2A组，可能对人类致癌）相关的毒性。

Organic lead compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). To the extent that organic lead compounds are metabolized in part to ionic lead, they are expected to exert the toxicities associated with inorganic lead (Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铅是一种神经毒素，已知会导致大脑损伤和认知能力下降，特别是在儿童中。铅暴露可能导致肾病，以及如高血压和贫血等血液疾病。铅还表现出生殖毒性，可能导致流产和减少精子产生。

Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (L21)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L136）；吸入（L136）；皮肤给药（L136）

Oral (L136) ; inhalation (L136) ; dermal (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

慢性铅中毒的症状包括认知能力下降、恶心、腹痛、易怒、失眠、嘴里有金属味、过度嗜睡或过度活跃、胸痛、头痛，在极端情况下还会出现癫痫、昏迷和死亡。此外，还常伴有胃肠道问题，如便秘、腹泻、呕吐、食欲不振、体重减轻，这些在急性中毒中较为常见。

Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (A2, L21)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 储存条件：
  应将产品存放在密封容器中，并置于阴凉、干燥处。储存环境需远离氧化剂，避免光照，保持室内常温保存。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  草酸铅(II) 生成 lead
  参考文献：
  名称：

  碳酸盐、羧酸盐、草酸盐、醋酸盐、甲酸盐和氢氧化物的热分解

  摘要：

  摘要 报道了在热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和差示热分析仪中进行的各种金属碳酸盐、羧酸盐、草酸盐、乙酸盐、甲酸盐和氢氧化物及其常见水合物的受控分解的研究。使用各种样品尺寸、加热速率和环境气氛来证明它们对结果的影响。给出了中间化合物、每种化合物的分解温度范围和反应动力学的结果。

  DOI：

  10.1016/0040-6031(81)80175-x
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  lead(II) bromide oxalate 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 草酸铅(II)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Karaoglanov, Z.; Sagortschev, B., Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Mimicking mineral neogenesis for the clean synthesis of metal–organic materials from mineral feedstocks: coordination polymers, MOFs and metal oxide separation
  作者：Feng Qi、Robin S. Stein、Tomislav Friščić

  DOI：10.1039/c3gc41370e

  日期：——

  We present a systematic study of a mild approach for the activation of metal oxides, involving reactivity and self-assembly in the solid state, which enables their solvent-free chemical separation and direct solvent-free and low-energy conversion into coordination polymers and open metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The approach is inspired by geological biomineralization processes known as mineral weathering

  我们对缓和金属氧化物活化的方法进行了系统的研究，涉及固态的反应性和自组装，这使它们能够无溶剂地进行化学分离，并将无溶剂的低能直接转化为配位聚合物并开放金属有机框架（MOF）。该方法受称为矿物风化的地质生物矿化过程的启发，其中氧化物或硫化物矿物长期暴露于生物起源分子会导致其转化为简单的配位聚合物。这项原理证明研究表明，如何在实验室中模仿矿物新生，从而直接从金属氧化物中提供配位聚合物，而无需大量输入热能或机械能或溶剂。II，Co II，Ni II，Cu II和Zn）和主族（Mg和Pb II）在室温或接近室温的氧化物。加速的老化反应很容易定为至少10克，并且可以作为模板来合成Zn，Ni（ II）和Co（ II）的二维和三维阴离子框架。最后，我们证明了这种以生物矿化为灵感的方法如何在温和条件下为氧化物形式的贱金属（如Cu，Zn和Pb）的无溶剂化学分离提供了前所未有的机会。
• Hole Extraction by Design in Photocatalytic Architectures Interfacing CdSe Quantum Dots with Topochemically Stabilized Tin Vanadium Oxide
  作者：Justin L. Andrews、Junsang Cho、Linda Wangoh、Nuwanthi Suwandaratne、Aaron Sheng、Saurabh Chauhan、Kelly Nieto、Alec Mohr、Karthika J. Kadassery、Melissa R. Popeil、Pardeep K. Thakur、Matthew Sfeir、David C. Lacy、Tien-Lin Lee、Peihong Zhang、David F. Watson、Louis F. J. Piper、Sarbajit Banerjee

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.8b09924

  日期：2018.12.12

  to ensure long-lived charge carriers that can be delivered at low overpotentials to the appropriate catalytic sites while mitigating parasitic reactions such as photocorrosion. Here we detail the theory-guided design and synthesis of nanowire/quantum dot heterostructures with interfacial electronic structure specifically tailored to promote light-induced charge separation and photocatalytic proton reduction

  解决收集太阳能以产生能量密集型燃料（如氢）的复杂挑战，需要设计光催化纳米结构接口组件，这些组件协同介导光收集、电荷分离、电荷/质量传输和催化过程的紧密关联序列。这种结构的设计需要仔细考虑热力学偏移和界面电荷转移动力学，以确保长寿命的电荷载流子可以在低过电位下输送到适当的催化位点，同时减轻光腐蚀等寄生反应。在这里，我们详细介绍了具有界面电子结构的纳米线/量子点异质结构的理论指导设计和合成，该结构专门用于促进光诱导电荷分离和光催化质子还原。拓扑化学合成产生亚稳态 β-Sn0.23V2O5 化合物，其表现出 Sn 5s 衍生的中带隙状态，理想地定位于从界面的 CdSe 量子点中提取光生空穴。价带 (VB) 上边缘附近的这些中能隙状态已被证实，并且 β-Sn0.23V2O5/CdSe 异质结构已显示出 0 eV 中能隙状态-VB 偏移，这支持超快的亚皮秒空穴传输. β-Sn0.23V2O5/CdSe
• Formation of superconducting Bi2−yPbySr2Ca2Cu3Ox from coprecipitated oxalates
  作者：Klaus Bernhard、Gerhard Gritzner、Xian-Zhong Wang、Dieter Bäuerle

  DOI：10.1016/0022-4596(90)90146-o

  日期：1990.6

  Sr2+, Ca2+, and Cu2+ as oxalates are reported. These oxalates were used as precursors for the formation of Bi2−yPbySr2Ca2Cu3Ox superconducting ceramics. The behavior of the oxalates upon heat treatment was studied by thermogravimetry. Both the oxalates and the superconducting oxides were analyzed and characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy and by X-ray diffraction. For 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 0.4 and proper

  报道了以草酸盐形式共沉淀Bi 3+，Pb 2 +，Sr 2 +，Ca 2+和Cu 2+的条件。这些草酸盐用作形成Bi 2- y Pb y Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x超导陶瓷的前体。通过热重分析法研究了草酸盐在热处理后的行为。草酸盐和超导氧化物均通过原子吸收光谱法和X射线衍射进行了分析和表征。对于0.2≤ ÿ≤0.4且对草酸盐进行适当的热处理，然后压缩氧化物并进行烧结，可以方便地生产零电阻温度为T c（0）〜106 K的单相陶瓷样品。
• Synthesis and characterization of novel three-dimensional-cauliflower-like nanostructure of lead(II) oxalate and its thermal decomposition for preparation of PbO
  作者：Fatemeh Behnoudnia、Hossein Dehghani

  DOI：10.1016/j.inoche.2012.07.031

  日期：2012.10

  Abstract We synthesized three-dimensional cauliflower-like lead(II) oxalate (PbC 2 O 4 ) nanostructures by solvothermal method and then decomposed to nano-scaled lead(II) oxide (PbO) by thermal decomposition. The PbC 2 O 4 was decomposed at 350–600 °C with releasing of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The experimental results indicate that acetaldehyde plays a unique role in controlling the morphologies

  摘要 我们采用溶剂热法合成了三维菜花状草酸铅（II）（PbC 2 O 4 ）纳米结构，然后通过热分解分解为纳米级氧化铅（PbO）。PbC 2 O 4 在 350–600 °C 下分解，释放出一氧化碳和二氧化碳。实验结果表明，乙醛在控制 PbC 2 O 4 的形态方面起着独特的作用。用XRD、SEM、EDS、TG和FT-IR光谱对制备的产物进行了表征。
• Construction of metal–organic frameworks from 3-(6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-1-yl)propionate
  作者：Rui Chen、Ju Huang、Rui Yao、Xing Wang、Benlai Wu

  DOI：10.1080/00958972.2017.1355459

  日期：2017.8.18

  and 23 mL g−1, respectively. Complexes 3–5 are 2-D coordination polymers but have different topological structures. Metallohelicate 3 has (4,4) nets composed of left- and right-handed metal–organic helices sharing the common metal centers, but metallohelicate 4 possesses (4·82) topology and 5 has 63-topological structure. In 3 and 5, the polymeric layers are further assembled through regular interlayer

  摘要 一系列由丙酸酯官能化的含嘌呤配体 3-(6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-1-yl)propanoic acid (H2L), [La(HL )3(H2O)2]·2 }n (1), [Ce(HL)3( )2]·4 }n (2), [Co(HL)2( )2]n (3) , [Cd(L)( )]·0.5 }n (4) 和 [Pb(HL)(C2O4)0.5( )]·2 }n (5) 被合成和表征。同构 1 和 2 具有聚合物链结构，通过复杂的链间氢键相互作用，进一步连接到具有 1-D 开放通道的 3-D 多孔超分子框架中。在 77 K 和 1 bar 下，脱水多孔材料 1 和 2 表现出吸附行为，最大氮吸收量分别为 14 和 23 mL g-1。配合物 3-5 是二维配位聚合物，但具有不同的拓扑结构。金属螺旋体 3 具有 (4, 4)