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毒草胺 | 1918-16-7

中文名称
毒草胺
中文别名
N-异丙基-2-氯乙酰苯胺;毒草安;2-氯-N-异丙基乙酰苯胺
英文名称
2-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-phenylacetamide
英文别名
Propachlor;2-chloro-N-phenyl-N-propan-2-ylacetamide
毒草胺化学式
CAS
1918-16-7
化学式
C11H14ClNO
mdl
MFCD00078731
分子量
211.691
InChiKey
MFOUDYKPLGXPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    67-76°C
  • 沸点:
    110°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    1.2420
  • 闪点:
    100 °C
  • 介电常数:
    2.8-2.9(0.0℃)
  • 物理描述:
    Propachlor is a light tan solid. Corrosive to iron and steel. Used as an herbicide.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Light tan solid
  • 溶解度:
    In acetone 448, benzene 737, toluene 342, ethanol 408, xylene 239, chloroform 602, carbon tetrachloride 174, diethyl ether 219 (all in g/kg, 25 °C).
  • 蒸汽压力:
    7.4X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 稳定性/保质期:

    STABLE FOR AT LEAST 4 YEARS, NOT SENSITIVE TO LIGHT

  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides/.
  • 腐蚀性:
    No corrosion to number 316 and 304 stainless steel, aluminum, and heresite; corrosive to ordinary steel.
  • 碰撞截面:
    142.07 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW]
  • 保留指数:
    1608;1607.5;1612.1;1585.8;1585.1;1585.6

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2.2
  • 重原子数:
    14
  • 可旋转键数:
    3
  • 环数:
    1.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.363
  • 拓扑面积:
    20.3
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    1

ADMET

代谢
草达灭(Propachlor)被迅速代谢。在研究的大多数动物物种中,草达灭通过巯基酸途径(MAP)进行代谢。肠道微生物群参与了MAP中间体的代谢……草达灭的代谢物中,母化合物(2--异丙基乙酰苯胺)中的原子通过亲核取代反应被去除……由半胱酸组或甲磺酰基团(CH3SO2)取代,在大鼠口服草达灭后,这些代谢物出现在尿液中……已经证明,草达灭的半胱酸结合物是含有甲磺酰基的代谢物中的来源,但甲磺酰基团中的碳并不来自半胱酸部分。草达灭首先与谷胱甘肽结合,该反应由谷胱甘肽转移酶介导。谷胱甘肽结合提供了一种使活性亲电体失活的方法。谷胱甘肽结合物具有胆汁排泄所需的物理化学性质,并且通常与它们的代谢物半胱酰-甘酸、半胱酸和N-乙酰半胱酸巯基酸一起,在胆汁中相对高浓度存在……胆汁排泄后,它们在小肠中被代谢,其中存在的C-S裂解酶切断半胱酸结合物,允许进一步代谢成含有甲磺酰基的基团……在无菌大鼠……和接受抗生素治疗的大鼠中……14C从14C-草达灭中以MAP代谢物的形式排出,但尿液中没有含有甲磺酰基的代谢物。不可提取的残留物随粪便排出。这表明MAP代谢物可作为肠道微生物群的底物。在研究的MAP代谢物中,谷胱甘肽和半胱酸结合物是生产2-巯基-N-异丙基乙酰苯胺以及平行形成不溶性14C残留物的最佳底物……这些随粪便排出。
Propachlor is rapidly metabolized. ... Most of the animal species studied metabolize propachlor through the mercapturic acid pathway (MAP). The intestinal microflora is involved in the metabolism of MAP intermediates ... . Metabolites of propachlor, in which chlorine from the parent compound (2-chloro- isopropylacetanilide) is removed by a nucleophilic displacement ... by a cysteine group or methylsulfonyl group (CH3SO2), are present in the urine of rats dosed orally with propachlor ... . It has been shown that a cysteine conjugate of propachlor is the source of sulfur in methylsulfonyl- containing metabolites, but that the carbon in the methylsulfonyl group does not come from the cysteine moiety. Propachlor is conjugated firstly with glutathione and the reaction is mediated by glutathione transferases. The glutathione conjugation provides a means for inactivation of reactive electrophiles. Glutathione conjugates have the required physico-chemical properties for biliary excretion and will generally be present, together with their catabolites cysteinyl-glycine, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine-mercapturic acid, in relatively high concentrations in the bile ... . After excretion with the bile, they are metabolized in the intestine where the C-S lyase present cleaves the cysteine conjugate, allowing further metabolism of sulfur to a methylsulfonyl-containing moiety ... . In germ-free rats ... and rats treated by antibiotics ... 14C was excreted from 14C-propachlor as MAP metabolites, but there were no methylsulfonyl-containing metabolites in urine. Inextractable residues were eliminated in the feces. This shows that MAP metabolites are available as substrates for the intestinal microflora. Of the MAP metabolites studied, the glutathione and cysteine conjugates are the best substrates both for production of 2-mercapto- N-isopropyl-acetanilide and for parallel formation of insoluble 14C residues ... which are excreted in the feces.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
正常大鼠对草脱的代谢存在三个或更多的肠肝循环。首先,草脱通过巯基酸途径进行代谢,其结合物随胆汁排出。第二个循环开始于胆汁中的巯基酸途径代谢物被微生物/肠道C-S裂合酶代谢成可再吸收的代谢物(可能是2-巯基-N-异丙基乙酰苯胺)。这些可再吸收的代谢物通过葡萄糖苷酸酶酶进一步代谢成葡萄糖苷酸,并随胆汁分泌。这些胆汁中的葡萄糖苷酸随后启动了草脱代谢物在肠肝循环中的第三个循环。毫无疑问,肠道微生物使草脱的代谢复杂化(与无菌和抗生素处理的大鼠的情况相比),并从巯基酸途径的产物中产生新的非极性化合物,这些化合物被重新吸收进入血液。这些新化合物必须再次转化为极性产物以便被排出。
Three or more enterohepatic cycles for propachlor metabolism in normal rats have been described. In the first, propachlor is metabolized via the mercapturic acid pathway and the conjugates are excreted in the bile. The second cycle is initiated when the biliary mercapturic acid pathway metabolites are metabolized by microbial/intestinal C-S lyase into reabsorbable metabolites (possibly 2-mercapto- N-isopropylacetanilide). The reabsorbable metabolites are further metabolized to glucuronides by glucuronidase enzymes, and these are secreted with the bile. These biliary glucuronides subsequently initiate the third cycle in the enterohepatic circulation of propachlor metabolites. No doubt the intestinal microorganisms complicate the metabolism of propachlor (in comparison with the situation in germ-free and antibiotic-treated rats) and create new non-polar compounds from the products of the mercapturic acid pathway, which are reabsorbed into the blood. These new compounds have to be converted again into polar products in order to be excreted
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
....Propachlor最初通过巯基酸途径代谢;该分子与谷胱甘肽结合,并随着半胱酰甘酸、半胱酸和N-乙酰半胱酰巯基酸的分解产物一起通过胆汁排出。胆汁中的巯基酸代谢物通过肠道/微生物的碳/(C-S)裂合酶活性发生去结合,并可能被重新吸收。重新吸收的代谢物随后被葡萄糖酸化并在尿液或胆汁中排出。胆汁中排出的葡萄糖苷可以进一步进行肠肝循环。Propachlor的消除是迅速的;单个剂量的90%以上在48小时内主要通过尿液排出。...
... Propachlor is initially metabolized via the mercapturic acid pathway; the molecule is conjugated to glutathione and excreted in the bile along with the catabolites cysteinyl-glycine, cysteine, and N-acetylcysteine-mercapturic acid. The biliary mercapturic acid metabolites undergo deconjugation via intestinal/microbial carbon/sulfur (C-S) lyase activity and can be reabsorbed. The reabsorbed metabolites are subsequently glucuronidated and eliminated in the urine or bile. Glucuronides eliminated in the bile can undergo further enterohepatic recirculation. Elimination of propachlor is rapid; more than 90% of a single dose is excreted within 48 hr, primarily in the urine. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在最初的6到24小时内,丙草胺在玉米幼苗中和在切除的玉米、高粱、甘蔗和大麦叶片中的代谢相似。所有检查的组织都迅速将丙草胺代谢成溶性产物。确定了两种化合物,它们是丙草胺谷胱甘肽和谷酰半胱酸结合的产物。
During 1st 6 to 24 hr, metabolism of propachlor was similar in corn seedlings & in excised leaves of corn, sorghum, sugarcane, & barley. ... rapidly metabolized to water-sol products by all tissues examined. Two compd were identified as glutathione & glutamylcysteine conjugates of propachlor.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
草甘膦可以通过哺乳动物的呼吸道、胃肠道以及皮肤被吸收。它不会在体内积累,因为它会通过巯基酸途径(MAP)迅速代谢。谷胱甘肽结合形成半胱酸结合物,这种结合物被认为是巯基酸结合物代谢形成的中介。已经证明,草甘膦的半胱酸结合物是含有甲基磺酰基代谢物中的来源,但是甲基磺酰基团中的碳并不来自半胱酸部分。草甘膦首先与谷胱甘肽结合,这个反应由谷胱甘肽转移酶介导。谷胱甘肽结合提供了一种使活性亲电子物质失活的方法。谷胱甘肽结合物具有胆汁排泄所需的物理化学性质,通常会在胆汁中与它们的代谢物半胱酰-甘酸、半胱酸和N-乙酰半胱酸巯基酸一起以相对较高的浓度存在。在随胆汁排泄后,它们在小肠中被代谢,其中存在的C-S裂解酶会裂解半胱酸结合物,允许进一步代谢为含有甲基磺酰基的基团。已经分离出11种尿液代谢物,其中6种是2-甲基磺酰基乙酰丙酸。主要的粪便代谢物被识别为半胱酸结合物。
Propachlor can be absorbed in mammals through the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts as well as through the skin. It does not accumulate in the body, since it is rapidly metabolized through the mercapturic acid pathway (MAP). Cysteine conjugates are formed by glutathione conjugation and this conjugate has been proposed as an intermediate in the metabolic formation of mercapturic acid conjugation. It has been shown that a cysteine conjugate of propachlor is the source of sulfur in methylsulfonyl- containing metabolites, but that the carbon in the methylsulfonyl group does not come from the cysteine moiety. Propachlor is conjugated firstly with glutathione and the reaction is mediated by glutathione transferases. The glutathione conjugation provides a means for inactivation of reactive electrophiles. Glutathione conjugates have the required physico-chemical properties for biliary excretion and will generally be present, together with their catabolites cysteinyl-glycine, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine-mercapturic acid, in relatively high concentrations in the bile. After excretion with the bile, they are metabolized in the intestine where the C-S lyase present cleaves the cysteine conjugate, allowing further metabolism of sulfur to a methylsulfonyl-containing moiety. Eleven urinary metabolites, six of which are 2-methylsulfonylacetanalides have been isolated. The major fecal metabolite is identified as the cysteine conjugate. (L904, L905, L906)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
草甘膦可以通过呼吸道、消化道和皮肤被哺乳动物吸收。它不会在体内积累。48小时后,在生物体中检测不到。大多数动物种类(大鼠、猪、鸡)通过巯基酸途径代谢草甘膦。半胱酸结合物是由谷胱甘肽结合形成的,这种结合物被认为是巯基酸代谢形成的中间体。细菌C-S裂解酶参与半胱酸结合物的进一步代谢,以及最终甲基磺酰含量代谢物的形成,这些代谢物主要通过尿液排出...和不可溶残渣,这些残渣通过粪便排出...草甘膦C-S裂解酶在无菌大鼠中不活跃。研究表明,大鼠和猪在代谢上存在一些差异。在大鼠中,胆汁是巯基酸途径代谢物的主要排出途径,但已经证明猪存在额外的胆外代谢途径。对犊牛的代谢研究表明,它们可能无法从谷胱甘肽结合物形成巯基酸,这可能会使它们更容易中毒。...实验室动物急性中毒的症状主要是中枢神经系统的影响(兴奋和抽搐,然后是抑郁)。...草甘膦对眼睛和皮肤有严重的刺激性影响。草甘膦在大鼠、小鼠和狗的短期和长期暴露研究中进行了测试。肝脏和肾脏是靶器官。...在 mice 和 rats 中未发现草甘膦具有致癌性。...现有实验数据不足以证明其致突变潜力。当作为单一剂量在大鼠和小鼠中进行测试时,草甘膦显示出肯定的胚胎毒性证据。在重复剂量方案中也观察到了胚胎毒性效应。...然而,在另一项大鼠研究中...没有观察到胚胎毒性。...在一项两代繁殖研究中,没有确凿的证据表明有害影响。有报道称,接触草甘膦的农民和生产工人中有少数病例出现接触性和过敏性皮炎。...在职业暴露人群或一般人群中,除了少数关于草甘膦对职业暴露工人皮肤影响的报告外,没有报告症状或疾病。...在土壤微生物的研究中,硝化细菌是对草甘膦抑制效果最敏感的群体...纤维素分解细菌是最不敏感的。高吸附到土壤中的粘土颗粒和高温度都会降低抑制效果。...草甘膦被认为对生物具有中等到高度毒性。在土壤中预期正常使用的暴露浓度下,草甘膦对蚯蚓不具有毒性...草甘膦对蜜蜂不会构成威胁。实验室和田间研究表明,一些有益的寄生昆虫受到草甘膦的不利影响。当通过胃部给药时,草甘膦对鸟类的毒性比在饮食中喂食时要大。...即使使用颗粒状制剂,草甘膦在田间对鸟类也不会构成威胁。
Propachlor can be absorbed into mammals through the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract as well as through the skin. It does not accumulate in the body. After 48 hr it is not detectable in the organism. Most animal species (rats, pigs, chickens) metabolize propachlor through the mercapturic acid pathway. Cysteine conjugates are formed by glutathione conjugations and this conjugate has been proposed as an intermediate in the metabolic formation of mercapturic acids. Bacterial C-S lyase participates in the further metabolism of the cysteine conjugate of propachlor and in the formation of the final methylsulfonyl-containing metabolites, which are mainly excreted in the urine ... and insoluble residues, which are excreted in the feces ... The propachlor C-S lyase is not active in germ-free rats. Studies showed some differences in metabolism between the rat and pig. The bile is the major route of elimination of /mercapturic acid pathway/ metabolites in the rat, but it has been proved that an extrabiliary route of metabolism exists in the pig. Metabolic studies on calves showed that they may be unable to form mercapturic acids from glutathione conjugates, which may make them more susceptible to poisoning. ... Signs of acute intoxication /in laboratory animals/ are predominantly central nervous system effects (excitement and convulsion followed by depression). ... Propachlor caused severe irritation effects on eyes and skin. Propachlor has been tested in short- and long-term exposure studies on rats, mice and dogs. The liver and kidneys are the target organs. ... Propachlor was not found to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. ... The experimental data available provide insufficient evidence of the mutagenic potential. When tested as a single dose ... in rats and mice, propachlor showed positive evidence of embryotoxicity. Embryotoxic effects were also observed in repeated dose regimens. ... However, in another rat study ... no embryotoxicity was observed. ... In a two-generation reproduction study, there was no definite evidence of adverse effects. A few cases of contact and allergic dermatitis of farmers and production workers exposed to propachlor ... have been reported. ... There have been no reports of symptoms or diseases either among occupationally exposed humans or the general population, other than the few reports of its effects on the skin of occupationally exposed workers. ... In studies on soil microorganisms, nitrifying bacteria were the most sensitive group to the inhibitory effects of propachlor ... Cellulose-decomposing bacteria were the least sensitive. High adsorption to clay particles in soil and high temperatures both reduce the inhibitory effects. ... Propachlor is considered to be moderately to highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Propachlor is not toxic to earthworms at exposure concentrations in soil expected from normal use ... Propachlor will not pose a hazard to /bees/. Some beneficial parasitic insects have been reported to be adversely affected by propachlor in laboratory and field studies. Propachlor is more toxic to birds when administered via the stomach than when fed in the diet. ... Propachlor does not pose a hazard to birds in the field, even with the granular formulation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
敌草隆中毒会导致肝微粒体UDP葡萄糖苷酸基转移酶活性增加,这会产生增加甲状腺激素T4的清除。T4平降低将导致甲状腺刺激激素(TSH)平升高。TSH平升高将导致甲状腺的增生反应,并最终可能导致肿瘤生成。敌草隆代谢物还与神经系统的尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体结合,并通过与雌激素受体结合并抑制其功能,在人类中引起内分泌紊乱。
Propachlor poisoning causes an induction of microsomal hepatic UDPGT activity, which produces increased clearance of thyroid hormone, T4. Decreased levels of T4 would result in increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Increased levels of TSH would result in the hyperplastic and eventually tumorigenic response of the thyroid. Propachlor metabolites also bind to nAChRs in the nervous system and cause endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (T10, A570, T152)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
癌症分类:可能对人类致癌
Cancer Classification: Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
未列入国际癌症研究机构(IARC)的清单。
Not listed by IARC.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
眼睛接触可能会造成角膜损伤。接触敌草快后可能会出现红斑丘疹样接触性皮炎。(L904, L905)
Eye exposure may cause corneal damage. Erythematopapular contact eczema can follow exposure to propachlor. (L904, L905)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
吸收、分配和排泄
草甘膦可能通过呼吸道、消化道以及皮肤吸收。在哺乳动物单次口服给药后,它迅速进入血液和内脏器官,在1小时内达到最大血液浓度。48小时后,在器官中不再可检测到...。估计在12只大鼠单次给药10毫克环标14C-草甘膦后56小时,尿液中有68%的剂量被回收。这一结果得到了其他研究的支持,其中给药后24小时和48小时,分别有54-64%和68.8%的剂量在尿液中回收。
Propachlor may be absorbed through the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts as well as through the skin. Following a single oral administration in mammals, it is rapidly taken up into the blood and internal organs, reaching its maximum blood concentration in 1 hr. After 48 h it is no longer detectable in the organs ... . An estimated 68% of a single 10 mg dose of ring-labelled 14C-propachlor administered to 12 rats was recovered in urine 56 hr later. These results are supported by those of other studies in which 54-64% ... and 68.8% ... of the administered dose was recovered in urine 24 hr and 48 hr after dose administration, respectively.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在一项研究中,使用了六只麻醉后的2至21天大的公泽西牛犊,体重在28至61公斤之间。研究中,要么通过左肾动脉灌注左肾,要么通过左输尿管灌注propachlor的代谢物。Propachlor的谷胱甘肽结合物(2-S-谷胱甘肽基-N-乙酰乙酰苯胺)在肾脏和输尿管中都被代谢为半胱酸结合物。当propachlor的巯基尿酸结合物呈现给肾脏时,它被随尿液排出。肾脏对谷胱甘肽结合物的首次通过代谢和消除占剂量的16%,而巯基尿酸的首次通过消除占33%。输尿管对propachlor的谷胱甘肽结合物或其代谢物,或对甘酸的吸收微乎其微。牛可能无法从某些外源性化合物的谷胱甘肽结合物形成巯基尿酸,这可能导致它们比鸡、猪和老鼠更容易被这些外源性化合物中毒。
... A study using six anesthetized 2- to 21-day-old male Guernsey calves weighing 28 to 61 kg /was conducted/ in which either the left kidney was perfused (via the left renal artery) or the left ureter was perfused with metabolites of propachlor. The glutathione conjugate of propachlor (2- S-glutathionyl- N-acetyl-acetanilide) was metabolized in both kidney and ureter to the cysteine conjugate. When the mercapturic acid conjugate of propachlor was presented to the kidney, it was eliminated in urine. First-pass metabolism and elimination of the glutathione conjugate by the kidney was 16% of the dose, whereas first-pass elimination of the mercapturic acid was 33%. Absorption of the glutathione conjugate of propachlor or its metabolites, or of glycine by the ureter was nil. The cattle may be unable to form mercapturic acids from glutathione conjugates of some xenobiotics, which may result in their being more easily poisoned by these xenobiotics than chickens, pigs and rats.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
当给予大鼠14C-扑草净时,首24小时内尿液中排出了剂量的56-64%,24-48小时内排出了5.7-7.0%。在粪便中,0-24小时和24-48小时内分别排出了8-13%和2.2-7.7%;0.4%的14C以二氧化碳形式排出,5-11%存在于尸体中。总的来说,48小时内排出了80-97%。
When 14C-propachlor was given to rats, 56-64% of the dose was excreted in urine in the first 24 hr and 5.7-7.0% in 24-48 hr. In the feces, 8-13% and 2.2-7.7% were eliminated in 0-24 hr and 24-48 hr, respectively; 0.4% of the 14C was eliminated as CO2 and 5-11% was in the carcass. In total 80-97% was eliminated in 48 hr.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
...正常大鼠服用敌草快后形成的代谢物主要通过尿液(68%)和粪便(19%)排出。从口服14C标记的敌草快的大鼠中分离出11种尿代谢物。主要的代谢物是巯基尿酸(17%),其中六种代谢物是2-甲磺酰乙酰苯胺。粪便残留物(19%)在服用剂量中,不溶于常见溶剂或经稀释酸或碱处理后,也被确定。带有插管胆管的大鼠以谷胱甘肽结合物、半胱酸结合物、巯基尿酸和巯基尿酸亚砜的形式,在胆汁中分泌了66%的口服剂量。无菌大鼠口服14C标记的敌草快后,在48小时内通过尿液和粪便排出了98%的剂量。从排泄物中分离出三种代谢物,粪便中的放射性代谢物是溶性的。主要的代谢物是巯基尿酸,其他代谢物是半胱酸结合物(仅在粪便中存在)和巯基尿酸亚砜。无菌大鼠的排泄物中分离出了巯基尿酸亚砜.../和/...在大鼠胆汁和服用敌草快的鸡和猪尿液中也有发现。正如谷胱甘肽和半胱酸结合物的情况一样,亚砜在正常大鼠中并未在可检测平上排出,只在大鼠胆汁中检测到。它可能成为肠道菌群的底物,但这个代谢物的最终体内命运是未知的。...在MAP中,关于敌草快代谢,一些物种之间存在差异。明显的但未解释的差异是,大鼠不排出半胱酸结合物,鸡不形成含甲磺酰基的代谢物,而羊在尿液中排出大量的半胱酸结合物。
...The metabolites of propachlor formed in normal rats treated with propachlor are excreted mainly through urine (68%) and feces (19%). Eleven urinary metabolites were isolated from rats given 14C-labelled propachlor orally. The major metabolite was the mercapturate (17%), and six of the metabolites were 2-methylsulfonylacetanilides. Fecal residues (19%) of the administered dose, insoluble in common solvents or by treatment with diluted acid or base, were also determined. Rats with cannulated bile ducts secreted 66% of an oral dose of propachlor in the bile as the glutathione conjugate, cysteine conjugate, mercapturate and the mercapturate sulfoxide. Germ-free rats given orally 14C-labelled propachlor excreted 98% of the dose in the urine and feces within 48 hr. Three metabolites were isolated from the excreta and the fecal radioactive metabolites were water soluble. The major metabolite was mercapturate and the other metabolites were the cysteine conjugate (present only in the feces) and mercapturate sulfoxide ... . Mercapturate sulfoxide was isolated from the excreta of germ-free rats ... /and/ ... presence in the bile of rats and urine of chickens and pigs dosed with propachlor /was also demonstrated/. ... As in the case of the glutathione and cysteine conjugates, the sulfoxide is not excreted at detectable levels by normal rats and was detected only in the bile ... . It may become a substrate for the intestinal flora, but the ultimate in vivo fate of this metabolite is unknown. ...Differences between some species /were reported/ concerning the metabolism of propachlor in the MAP. Clear but unexplained differences are that rats excrete no cysteine conjugate and chickens form no methylsulfonyl-containing metabolites, whereas sheep excrete large amounts of cysteine conjugate in urine.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    Xn,N
  • 安全说明:
    S24,S37,S60,S61
  • 危险类别码:
    R22,R36,R50/53,R43
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2924299014
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 2811
  • RTECS号:
    AE1575000
  • 储存条件:
    请将贮藏器密封保存,并存放在阴凉、干燥处。同时,确保工作环境有良好的通风或排气设施。

SDS

SDS:13f9eb7a1ede9170ffdc8b12da52e912
查看
第一部分:化学品名称
化学品中文名称: 毒草安;2--N-(1-甲基乙基)-N-苯基乙酰胺
化学品英文名称: Propachlor;2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide
中文俗名或商品名:
Synonyms:
CAS No.: 1918-16-7
分子式: C 11 H 14 ClNO
分子量: 211.71
第二部分:成分/组成信息
化学 混合物
化学品名称:毒草安;2--N-(1-甲基乙基)-N-苯基乙酰胺
有害物成分 含量 CAS No.
毒草安 100
第三部分:危险性概述
危险性类别: 第6.1类 毒害品
侵入途径: 吸入 食入 经皮吸收
健康危害: 本品为低毒除草剂。中毒症状有头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、胸闷、紫绀、抽搐及昏迷等。
环境危害:
燃爆危险: 本品可燃。
第四部分:急救措施
皮肤接触: 立即脱去污染的衣着,用肥皂及流动清彻底冲洗污染的皮肤、头发、指甲等。就医。
眼睛接触: 拉开眼睑,用流动清冲洗15分钟。就医。
吸入: 迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入: 饮足量温,催吐。洗胃,导泄。就医。
第五部分:消防措施
危险特性: 遇明火、高热可燃。其粉体与空气可形成爆炸性混合物, 当达到一定浓度时, 遇火星会发生爆炸。受高热分解放出有毒的气体。
有害燃烧产物: 一氧化碳二氧化碳氯化氢、氧化
灭火方法及灭火剂: 泡沫、干粉、砂土。
消防员的个体防护:
禁止使用的灭火剂:
闪点(℃):
自燃温度(℃):
爆炸下限[%(V/V)]:
爆炸上限[%(V/V)]:
最小点火能(mJ):
爆燃点:
爆速:
最大燃爆压力(MPa):
建规火险分级:
第六部分:泄漏应急处理
应急处理: 隔离泄漏污染区,周围设警告标志,建议应急处理人员戴好口罩、护目镜,穿工作服。小心扫起,避免扬尘,运至废物处理场所。用刷洗泄漏污染区,经稀释的污放入废系统。如大量泄漏,收集回收或无害处理后废弃。
第七部分:操作处置与储存
操作注意事项: 密闭操作,全面通风。防止粉尘释放到车间空气中。操作人员必须经过专门培训,严格遵守操作规程。建议操作人员佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩,戴化学安全防护眼镜,穿透气型防毒服,戴防化学品手套。远离火种、热源,工作场所严禁吸烟。使用防爆型的通风系统和设备。避免产生粉尘。避免与氧化剂接触。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材及泄漏应急处理设备。倒空的容器可能残留有害物。
储存注意事项: 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。防止阳光直射。包装密封。应与氧化剂分开存放,切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。
第八部分:接触控制/个体防护
最高容许浓度: 中 国 MAC:未制订标准前苏联 MAC:未制订标准美国TLV—TWA:未制订标准
监测方法:
工程控制: 生产过程密闭,全面通风。
呼吸系统防护: 空气中粉尘浓度较高时,建议佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩。
眼睛防护: 化学安全防护眼镜。
身体防护: 穿透气型防毒服。
手防护: 戴防化学品手套。
其他防护: 工作时不得进食、饮或吸烟。工作完毕,彻底清洗。保持良好的卫生习惯。
第九部分:理化特性
外观与性状: 淡黄褐色固体。
pH:
熔点(℃): 67~76
沸点(℃): 110/0.004kPa
相对密度(=1):
相对蒸气密度(空气=1):
饱和蒸气压(kPa): 0.004/110℃
燃烧热(kJ/mol):
临界温度(℃):
临界压力(MPa):
辛醇/分配系数的对数值:
闪点(℃):
引燃温度(℃):
爆炸上限%(V/V):
爆炸下限%(V/V):
分子式: C 11 H 14 ClNO
分子量: 211.71
蒸发速率:
粘性:
溶解性: 微溶于,易溶于苯、丙酮乙醇甲苯四氯化碳等。
主要用途: 用作农用除草剂
第十部分:稳定性和反应活性
稳定性: 在常温常压下 稳定
禁配物: 强氧化剂。
避免接触的条件:
聚合危害: 不能出现
分解产物: 一氧化碳二氧化碳氯化氢、氧化
第十一部分:毒理学资料
急性毒性: LD50:710 mg/kg(大鼠经口);290 mg/kg(小鼠经口);380 mg/kg(兔经皮);392 mg/kg(兔经口)? LC50:无资料
急性中毒:
慢性中毒:
亚急性和慢性毒性:
刺激性:
致敏性:
致突变性:
致畸性:
致癌性:
第十二部分:生态学资料
生态毒理毒性:
生物降解性:
生物降解性:
生物富集或生物积累性:
第十三部分:废弃处置
废弃物性质:
废弃处置方法: 用安全掩埋法处置。在规定场所掩埋空容器。
废弃注意事项:
第十四部分:运输信息
危险货物编号: 61900
UN编号: 2769
包装标志:
包装类别:
包装方法: 塑料袋或二层牛皮纸袋外全开口或中开口钢桶;两层塑料袋或一层塑料袋外麻袋、塑料编织袋、乳胶布袋;塑料袋外复合塑料编织袋(聚丙烯三合一袋、聚乙烯三合一袋、聚丙烯二合一袋、聚乙烯二合一袋);塑料袋或二层牛皮纸袋外普通木箱;螺纹口玻璃瓶、塑料瓶、复合塑料瓶或铝瓶外普通木箱;塑料瓶、两层塑料袋或两层牛皮纸袋(内或外套以塑料袋)外瓦楞纸箱。
运输注意事项: 路运输时包装所用的麻袋、塑料编织袋、复合塑料编织袋的强度应符合国家标准要求。运输前应先检查包装容器是否完整、密封,运输过程中要确保容器不泄漏、不倒塌、不坠落、不损坏。严禁与酸类、氧化剂、食品及食品添加剂混运。运输时运输车辆应配备相应品种和数量的消防器材及泄漏应急处理设备。运输途中应防曝晒、雨淋,防高温。公路运输时要按规定路线行驶,勿在居民区和人口稠密区停留。
RETCS号:
IMDG规则页码:
第十五部分:法规信息
国内化学品安全管理法规: 化学危险物品安全管理条例 (1987年2月17日国务院发布),化学危险物品安全管理条例实施细则 (化劳发[1992] 677号),工作场所安全使用化学品规定 ([1996]劳部发423号)等法规,针对化学危险品的安全使用、生产、储存、运输、装卸等方面均作了相应规定;常用危险化学品的分类及标志 (GB 13690-92)将该物质划为第6.1 类毒害品。
国际化学品安全管理法规:
第十六部分:其他信息
参考文献: 1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
填表时间: 年月日
填表部门:
数据审核单位:
修改说明:
其他信息: 5
MSDS修改日期: 年月日

制备方法与用途

概述

毒草安又称为“杀草安”、“扑草安”或“毒草胺”,是一种酰胺类除草剂。其工业产品为淡褐色固体,微溶于,易溶于一般有机溶剂。毒草安具有低毒性,但对眼睛有刺激作用。常见剂型包括10%、20%可湿性粉剂及30%乳油,适用于土壤施用,能有效抑制杂草根或幼苗生长,从而防止一年生单子叶和部分双子叶杂草如稗、狗尾草、苋菜的生长;对马齿苋、马唐、蓼等的效果较差。

适用范围

毒草安可有效防除一年生禾本科杂草及某些阔叶杂草,例如稗、马唐、狗尾草、早熟禾、看麦娘、藜、苋、龙葵和马齿苋等。然而对红蓼、苍耳的效果差,对多年生杂草无效,在稻田中对稗草具有显著的防治效果,并且使用安全,不易引发药害。毒草安在土壤中的残留期约为30天。

毒性

65%可湿性粉剂对大鼠急性经口LD50为1200毫克/千克;10.4%悬液对家兔急性经皮LD50380毫克/千克。对眼睛有刺激作用,鲶鱼LC50为1.3毫克/升。

化学性质

毒草安的原药为淡黄褐色固体,熔点67~76℃。其蒸气压在110℃时为4帕斯卡。20℃下溶解度分别为:苯50%、丙酮30.9%、乙醇29%、甲苯25.5%、四氯化碳14.8%,700毫克/升。常温下稳定,但在酸碱条件下受热易分解。

用途

毒草安是一种酰胺类选择性芽前除草剂,适用于稻、棉花、玉米、花生、甘蔗、油菜和豆类作物的田间管理,用于防除一年生禾本科杂草及某些阔叶杂草,如稗草、马唐、狗尾草、野燕麦、苋、藜、马齿苋和牛毛草等。其应用剂量为35~50克/平方米,在此剂量下,药剂在土壤中的持效期约为4~6周。

生产方法

毒草安的生产采用苯胺2-氯丙烷于130-140℃、约1MPa压力下反应4小时制得N-异丙基苯胺;随后降温至95℃,泄压后缓慢滴加氯乙酰氯,在100℃条件下反应3小时即得毒草胺。原料消耗定额为:苯胺530公斤/吨、丙烯410公斤/吨、盐酸520公斤/吨、氯乙酰氯740公斤/吨、氯化钙200公斤/吨。

类别与性质

毒草安属于农药,归类于高毒性物质。急性毒性表现为:口服-大鼠LD50: 710毫克/千克;口服-小鼠LD50: 290毫克/千克。

燃烧危险性

燃烧时会产生有毒的氮氧化物和化物气体。

储运特性

应存放在通风干燥、低温处,并与食品原料分开储运。

灭火剂

可使用干粉、泡沫或砂土灭火。

上下游信息

  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    毒草胺 在 sodium sulfide 作用下, 以 乙醇 为溶剂, 反应 3.0h, 以96%的产率得到2,2'-Thio-bis(N-isopropyl-acetanilid)
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Martinetz, Dieter; Wenzel, Klaus-Dieter, Zeitschrift fur Chemie, 1985, vol. 25, # 9, p. 331 - 332
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    苯胺三乙胺 作用下, 以 二氯甲烷乙腈 为溶剂, 反应 20.0h, 生成 毒草胺
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Thioimidazoline based compounds reverse glucocorticoid resistance in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts
    摘要:
    糖皮质激素是小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗方案的重要组成部分,对糖皮质激素治疗的初次反应不佳预示着较差的预后。
    DOI:
    10.1039/c5ob00779h
点击查看最新优质反应信息

文献信息

  • [EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
    申请人:GILEAD APOLLO LLC
    公开号:WO2017075056A1
    公开(公告)日:2017-05-04
    The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
    本发明提供了化合物I和II,这些化合物可用作乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的抑制剂,以及它们的组合物和使用方法。
  • [EN] 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(TETRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE AND 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS HERBICIDES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO))MÉTHYL]-N-(TÉTRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE ET DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO)MÉTHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'HERBICIDES
    申请人:SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION AG
    公开号:WO2021013969A1
    公开(公告)日:2021-01-28
    The present invention related to compounds of Formula (I): or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Q, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as described herein. The invention further relates to compositions comprising said compounds, to methods of controlling weeds using said compositions, and to the use of compounds of Formula (I) as a herbicide.
    本发明涉及以下式(I)的化合物或其农业上可接受的盐,其中Q、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6如本文所述。该发明还涉及包含所述化合物的组合物,使用这些组合物控制杂草的方法,以及将式(I)的化合物用作除草剂的用途。
  • [EN] INSECTICIDAL TRIAZINONE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE TRIAZINONE INSECTICIDES
    申请人:SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG
    公开号:WO2013079350A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-06-06
    Compounds of the formula (I) or (I'), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are useful as pesticides.
    式(I)或(I')的化合物,其中取代基如权利要求1所定义的那样,可用作杀虫剂
  • [EN] HERBICIDALLY ACTIVE HETEROARYL-S?BSTIT?TED CYCLIC DIONES OR DERIVATIVES THEREOF<br/>[FR] DIONES CYCLIQUES SUBSTITUÉES PAR HÉTÉROARYLE À ACTIVITÉ HERBICIDE OU DÉRIVÉS DE CELLES-CI
    申请人:SYNGENTA LTD
    公开号:WO2011012862A1
    公开(公告)日:2011-02-03
    The invention relates to a compound of formula (I), which is suitable for use as a herbicide wherein G is hydrogen or an agriculturally acceptable metal, sulfonium, ammonium or latentiating group; Q is a unsubstituted or substituted C3-C8 saturated or mono-unsaturated heterocyclyl containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, N and S, or Q is heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl; m is 1, 2 or 3; and Het is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaromatic ring; and wherein the compound is optionally an agronomically acceptable salt thereof.
    该发明涉及一种化合物,其化学式为(I),适用作为除草剂,其中G为氢或农业可接受的属、磺酸盐、盐或潜伏基团;Q为未取代或取代的含有至少一个来自O、N和S的杂原子的饱和或单不饱和的C3-C8杂环烷基,或Q为杂芳基或取代的杂芳基;m为1、2或3;Het为可选择地取代的单环或双环杂芳环;且该化合物可选择地为其农学上可接受的盐。
  • TRIAZOLE ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF
    申请人:Gilead Apollo, LLC
    公开号:US20170166584A1
    公开(公告)日:2017-06-15
    The present invention provides triazole compounds useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
    本发明提供了三唑化合物,可用作乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的抑制剂,以及其组合物和使用方法。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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mass
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ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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