Captan is a white solid dissolved in a liquid carrier. It is a water emulsifiable liquid. It can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. The primary hazard of this material is that it poses a threat to the environment. In case of release immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Since it is a liquid it can easily penetrate the soil to contaminate groundwater. It is used as a fungicide.
颜色/状态:
White to cream powder
气味:
Odorless [Note: Commercial product has a pungent odor]
Following oral exposure, captan fungicides are rapidly metabolized in the body to yield two metabolites that can be measured in the urine: tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) and thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxilic acid (TTCA). Both are considered useful biomarkers for occupational exposure.
Extensive studies of captan have shown that it is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, rapidly metabolized, and eliminated from the body. The probable metabolic pathways of both the tetrahydrophthalimide and trichloromethylthio moieties have been elucidated. In rats, the tetrahydrophthalimide moiety is excreted, 92% in 48 hr and 97% in 96 hr (85% in the urine and 12 in the feces. The trichloromethylthio moiety is converted to thiophosgene, which is further metabolized to thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxylic acid, which is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats; carbon dioxide is also a product of the metabolism of thiophosgene through the intermediate formation of carbonyl sulfide. Thiophosgene is also detoxified by sulfites present in the gut and is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats to yield dithiobis(methanesulfonic acid) and its disulfide monooxide derivative.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
Captan 在体外被肝脏混合功能氧化酶代谢成碳酰硫,这表明它有一条类似于体内发生的代谢途径。
Captan is metabolized in vitro by liver mixed-function oxidases to carbonyl sulfide, suggesting a pathway similar to that which occurs in vivo.
Degradation in the gut appears to play a major role in the metabolism of captan. The toxic metabolite thiophosgene is produced from the trichloromethylthio moiety of the molecule in the presence of cellular thiol compounds. It is further metabolized to thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxylic acid, which is excreted in the urine of orally doses rats; carbon dioxide is also a product of the metabolism of thiophosgene with the intermediate formation of carbonyl sulfide (23% of the administered radiocarbon is expired as (14)CO2). Thiophosgene is also detoxified by sulfites present in the gut and is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats to yield dithiobis(methanesulfonic acid) and its disulfide monooxide derivative.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Captan is a white solid. Pure captan is odorless. The technical product is an amorphous powder which is colorless to beige with a pungent odor. Captan is a fungicide used to control diseases of many fruit and ornamental and vegetable crops. It is also used as a spray, root dip or seed treatment to protect young plants against rot and damping off. Captan is also used as a fungicide in wall paper pastes and in hormone rooting powders. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; blurred vision; dermatitis, skin sensitization; dyspnea; diarrhea, vomiting. Dermatitis and conjunctivitis have been noted. Captan has caused allergic dermatitis and eye irritation in man. Accidents among adult farm workers and secondary exposure of their children can occur. Common human exposure is by the oral, dermal and inhalation routes. In adult male with occupational exposure to captan, who had persistent erythema, itching and desquamation of the face and backs of the hand, skin testing revealed reaction to captan. Addition of 10 ug/mL captan for five hours to human embryonic lung cells L-132 resulted in a 50% reduction of DNA synthesis and a 40% increase in chromosomal breaks, mainly of the chromatid type. Captan induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in SV-40 transformed human VA-4 cells at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 mM, with or without uninduced rat liver microsomal preparations. Negative results were obtained when human lung fibroblasts were exposed to 0.003-1 mM captan with or without uninduced mouse liver microsomal preparation. A small increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis was observed in human lymphocytes treated with 5 ug/mL captan (91.5 % pure). ANIMAL STUDIES: Evidence from animal experiments indicates that ingestion of large quantities may produce gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhea and vomiting. Studies in mice but not in rats have demonstrated a carcinogenic potential. Sheep and cattle are especially susceptable to captan. Captan, which is an alkylating agent, has shown genotoxic properties in in vitro systems. Long term administration of high dietary levels of captan to mice resulted in the induction of benign and malignant tumors of the small intestine. In rats, one study indicated the increase of kidney tumors. Studies concerning the teratogenicity of captan are contradictory. In mice and primates there is no evidence of a teratogenic effect. In hamster study no teratogenicity was noted. In another study where captan treatment was initiated at the beginning, captan induced central nervous system and limb defects. In rabbits one study for teratogenicity was negative while another demonstrated limb and head defects and cleft palate. In the dog, no defects were produced in one study, but tail, closure defects and hydrocephalus was induced in another. Many investigators have found captan to be mutagenic and genotoxic under in vitro testing systems when brought into direct contact with susceptible cells. However, most investigators believe captan is not mutagenic or genotoxic in healthy, intact, uncompromised higher animals, except, perhaps, at extremely high dosage. Captan induced reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537 and TA1538 without metabolic activation. Addition of metabolic activation resulted in total or partial suppression of mutagenic activity, while pretreatment of the compound with human gastric juice has been reported to enhance mutagenicity. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Captan formulations may pose an environmental risk if released into an aquatic environment.
Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: no adequate data; 2) evidence in animals: limited evidence. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. /From table/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A3;已确认对动物有致癌性,但对人类的相关性未知。
A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌剂:克菌丹
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Captan
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:第3组:对其对人类的致癌性无法分类
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Captan and folpet are two fungicides largely used in agriculture, but biomonitoring data are mostly limited to measurements of captan metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples of workers, which complicate interpretation of results in terms of internal dose estimation, daily variations according to tasks performed, and most plausible routes of exposure. This study aimed at performing repeated biological measurements of exposure to captan and folpet in field workers (i) to better assess internal dose along with main routes-of-entry according to tasks and (ii) to establish most appropriate sampling and analysis strategies. The detailed urinary excretion time courses of specific and non-specific biomarkers of exposure to captan and folpet were established in tree farmers (n = 2) and grape growers (n = 3) over a typical workweek (seven consecutive days), including spraying and harvest activities. The impact of the expression of urinary measurements [excretion rate values adjusted or not for creatinine or cumulative amounts over given time periods (8, 12, and 24 hr)] was evaluated. Absorbed doses and main routes-of-entry were then estimated from the 24-hr cumulative urinary amounts through the use of a kinetic model. The time courses showed that exposure levels were higher during spraying than harvest activities. Model simulations also suggest a limited absorption in the studied workers and an exposure mostly through the dermal route. It further pointed out the advantage of expressing biomarker values in terms of body weight-adjusted amounts in repeated 24-hr urine collections as compared to concentrations or excretion rates in spot samples, without the necessity for creatinine corrections.
Extensive studies of captan have shown that it is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, rapidly metabolized, and eliminated from the body. The probable metabolic pathways of both the tetrahydrophthalimide and trichloromethylthio moieties have been elucidated. In rats, the tetrahydrophthalimide moiety is excreted, 92% in 48 hr and 97% in 96 hr (85% in the urine and 12 in the feces. The trichloromethylthio moiety is converted to thiophosgene, which is further metabolized to thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxylic acid, which is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats; carbon dioxide is also a product of the metabolism of thiophosgene through the intermediate formation of carbonyl sulfide. Thiophosgene is also detoxified by sulfites present in the gut and is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats to yield dithiobis(methanesulfonic acid) and its disulfide monooxide derivative.
Captan is rapidly absorbed from GI tract and rapidly /metabolized/ in the blood. It does not accumulate in tissues and reacts readily with thiol-containing compounds.
After an oral dose of (35)S-captan, more than 90% of the radioactivity was excreted in the feces and urine within 24 hours, and almost 100 % within 3 days; 0.01-0.05% of the radioactivity was detected in organs or incorporated in proteins and nucleic acids.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Estimation of dioxin emission from fires in chemicals
摘要:
The formation of the 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs during combustion of selected chemicals were measured by high-resolution GC/MS. The 16 chemicals studied were commonly used chlorinated pesticides, industrial chemicals, and PVC. In a series of experiments carried out in a DIN 53,436 furnace, 2.5 g of these compounds were burned at 500 degrees C and 900 degrees C, respectively. The resultant yields ranged from 740 ng ITEQ/g for pentachlorophenol, to below 0.01 ng ITEQ/g for PVC and dichlobenil. The results show that some chemicals generate PCDD/F in very high possibly dangerous - amounts during burning, whereas others generate insignificant amounts. The influence of scale were studied for chlorobenzene and 4-chloro-3-nitro-benzoic acid in additional experiments, carried out in a cone calorimeter burning 20 g substance, and in ISO 9705 room test burning about 50 kg. A good agreement between the results for large and small scale indicated that formation of PCCD/F during a fire may be estimated from laboratory experiments. This suggest laboratory test may be used to screen for chemicals posing a hazard for release of PCDD/F during fires. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
[EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人:GILEAD APOLLO LLC
公开号:WO2017075056A1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-04
The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
[EN] BICYCLYL-SUBSTITUTED ISOTHIAZOLINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ISOTHIAZOLINE SUBSTITUÉS PAR UN BICYCLYLE
申请人:BASF SE
公开号:WO2014206910A1
公开(公告)日:2014-12-31
The present invention relates to bicyclyl-substituted isothiazoline compounds of formula (I) wherein the variables are as defined in the claims and description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.
The present invention relates to azoline compounds of formula (I) wherein A, B1, B2, B3, G1, G2, X1, R1, R3a, R3b, Rg1 and Rg2 are as defined in the claims and the description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.
[EN] SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINES AS FUNGICIDES<br/>[FR] QUINAZOLINES SUBSTITUÉES, UTILISÉES EN TANT QUE FONGICIDES
申请人:SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG
公开号:WO2010136475A1
公开(公告)日:2010-12-02
The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein wherein the substituents have the definitions as defined in claim 1or a salt or a N-oxide thereof, their use and methods for the control and/or prevention of microbial infection, particularly fungal infection, in plants and to processes for the preparation of these compounds.