亚锑氢化物 | 7803-52-3

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 无机盐 - 无机锑盐
• 中文名称: 亚锑氢化物
• 中文别名: 锑化三氢antimonyhydride；锑化氢
• 英文名称: antimony
• 英文别名: stibium；Stibine；stibane
• CAS: 7803-52-3
• 化学式: Sb
• 分子量: 121.75
• InChiKey: OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  -88°
• 沸点：
  bp -18.4°
• 密度：
  2.204 g/ml at bp
• 溶解度：
  微溶于H2O；溶于乙醇
• 暴露限值：
  TLV-TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm) (ACGIH and OSHA).
• 介电常数：
  1.8（Ambient）
• 物理描述：
  Stibine appears as a colorless gas with a disagreeable odor. A moderate fire hazard that may yield toxic fumes when heated above 392°F. Irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Heavier than air. If exposed to prolonged fire or intense heat, the container may rupture violently or rocket.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless gas
• 气味：
  Disagreeable
• 闪点：
  Flammable gas
• 蒸汽密度：
  Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.4
• 蒸汽压力：
  greater than 1 atm (NIOSH, 2016)
• 稳定性/保质期：
  1. **稳定性**：稳定。 2. **禁配物**：强氧化剂、强酸、强碱、氨、氯气、硝酸、臭氧。 3. **避免接触的条件**：受热。 4. **聚合危害**：不聚合。 5. **分解产物**：氢气。
• 分解：
  Decomposes slowly at room temp, readily at 200 °C, to give metallic antimony and hydrogen.
• 电离电位：
  9.51 eV
• 气味阈值：
  Although characterized as having an extremely unpleasant odor, no data on its odor threshold have been found. Consequently, no judgment can be made as to its warning properties.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.18
• 重原子数：
  1
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

锑在人体内广泛分布。头发和皮肤含有最高的锑水平。肾上腺、肺、大肠、气管、小脑和肾脏也含有相对较高的锑。血液是将吸收的锑运输到身体各个组织隔室的主要载体。锑是一种金属，因此不会发生分解代谢。锑可以与巯基和磷酸共价相互作用，以及与许多内源性配体（例如，蛋白质）进行可逆的绑定相互作用。目前尚不清楚这些相互作用在毒理学上是否具有重要意义。锑通过尿液和粪便排出。部分粪便中的锑可能代表未被吸收的锑，这些锑通过粘液纤毛活动从肺部清除到食管，再进入胃肠道。（L741）

Antimony is widely distributed throughout the body. The hair and skin contain the highest levels of antimony. The adrenal glands, lung, large intestine, trachea, cerebellum, and kidneys also contain relatively high levels of antimony. Blood is the main vehicle for the transport of absorbed antimony to various tissue compartments of the body. Antimony is a metal and, therefore, does not undergo catabolism. Antimony can covalently interact with sulfhydryl groups and phosphate, as well as numerous reversible binding interactions with endogenous ligands (e.g., proteins). It is not known if these interactions are toxicologically significant. Antimony is excreted via the urine and feces. Some of the fecal antimony may represent unabsorbed antimony that is cleared from the lung via mucociliary action into the esophagus to the gastrointestinal tract. (L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

锑化氢是一种无色气体。高纯度的锑化氢用作半导体硅的n型气相掺杂剂。它曾被用作熏蒸剂。它也用于生产铅酸电池。人体研究：锑化氢是一种有毒气体，其效果与砒毒相似，但锑化氢的发生频率不如砒毒。接触锑化氢最可能的途径是吸入。锑化氢攻击血液和中央神经系统。在急性中毒中，人类的症状包括头痛、恶心、虚弱、呼吸缓慢和不规则脉搏。人类接触锑化氢过量的早期征兆可能是血红蛋白尿。实验室发现可能包括：贫血、间接胆红素升高、高血钾、红细胞损伤（嗜碱性点状、细胞大小不均、海因茨-埃利希体）、低触珠蛋白、血浆游离血红蛋白水平升高、尿血红蛋白升高、血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐升高、肝功能测试异常、血小板减少。在毒理学相关的浓度下，锑化氢气体不能抑制胆碱酯酶活性。动物研究：无色有毒气体锑化氢，与砒毒一样，是一种有效的溶血剂。空气中锑化氢对小鼠的致死浓度约为100 ppm，持续1.6小时。在红细胞中形成海因茨小体与急性锑化氢暴露有关，这可能是其溶血作用的根本原因。发现锑化氢在体外具有遗传毒性（对pBR 322质粒DNA有显著切割作用）。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Stibine is a colorless gas. High purity stibine is used as an n-type gas phase dopant for silicon in semiconductors. It has been used as fumigating agent. It is also used in the production of lead batteries. HUMAN STUDIES: Stibine is a toxic gas that has effects similar to those of arsine, but stibine is not encountered as frequently as arsine. The most likely route of exposure to stibine is inhalation. Stibine attacks the blood and central nervous system. In acute poisoning, the signs in man are headache, nausea, weakness, slow breathing, and weak and irregular pulse. One of the early signs of overexposure to stibine in man may be hemoglobinuria. Laboratory findings may include: anemia, elevated bilirubin (indirect), hyperkalemia, damaged red blood cells (basophilic stippling, anisocytosis, Heinz-Ehrlich bodies), low haptoglobin, elevated plasma-free hemoglobin levels, elevated urinary hemoglobin, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, abnormal liver function tests, thrombocytopenia. Stibine gas is not capable of inhibiting cholinesterase activity at toxicologically relevant concentrations. ANIMAL STUDIES: The odorless toxic gas stibine, like arsine, is a potent hemolytic agent. The lethal concentration of stibine in air for mice is about 100 ppm for 1.6 hr. The formation of Heinz bodies in red blood cells was associated with acute stibine exposure that may underlie its hemolytic effects. Stibine was found genotoxic in vitro (significant nicking to pBR 322 plasmid DNA).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

吸入数据显示，心肌是锑中毒的目标。锑可能通过干扰糖原分解和糖异生途径的酶来影响循环中的葡萄糖。锑的作用机制尚不清楚。然而，一些研究表明，锑与巯基团结合，包括那些对组织呼吸重要的几种酶中的巯基团。BAL的解毒作用取决于其防止或打断锑与关键酶结合的能力。此外，死亡原因被认为与急性砷中毒基本相同。锑化氢与水反应生成盐酸，对粘膜有直接的腐蚀作用。

The inhalation data suggest that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the The cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. Stibine reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid which has a direct corrosive effect on mucous membranes. (L793, T18, L741, A238)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

无致癌性迹象（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

皮肤接触锑可以导致锑斑（围绕汗腺和皮脂腺的丘疹和脓疱）。锑中毒还可能导致肺尘埃沉着病。吸入锑可能导致肺部功能改变和其他影响，包括慢性支气管炎、慢性肺气肿、活动性肺结核、胸膜粘连和刺激。锑中毒还可能导致血压升高。心肌抑制、血管扩张和体液流失可能导致低血压、电解质紊乱和急性肾衰竭的休克。脑水肿、昏迷、抽搐和死亡也是可能的。（L741）

Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. (L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

该物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

吸收、分配和排泄

吸入锑化氢气体后，锑在血液和组织中的分布被研究...使用了放射性示踪技术。...发现红细胞中的含量高于血浆。

Distribution of antimony in blood & tissues after inhalation of stibine gas was investigated ... using radioactive tracer technique. ... /It was/ found that red corpuscles contained higher concn than plasma.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在铅酸电池生产中，有两种锑化合物存在：在铸网时使用三氧化二锑，在铅板形成时使用锑化氢。对7名铸网区域的工作者和14名形成区域的工作者进行了血中锑浓度（Sb-B）和尿中锑浓度（Sb-U）的检查。通过个人空气采样器测量了锑的空气浓度（Sb-A）。尿样在周末没有锑暴露的工作结束后、班次开始（U1）和结束时（U2）以及周末后工作开始时（U3）收集。在U2中，铸网工人的平均Sb-A暴露浓度为4.5（1.18-6.6.6）ug Sb/立方米，形成工人的为12.4（0.6-41.5）ug Sb/立方米。两组的暴露浓度都低于现行阈限值标准的10倍以上。铸网工人的预班次血样中Sb-B的中位浓度为2.6（0.5-3.4）ug Sb/升，形成工人的为10.1（0.5-17.9）ug Sb/升。形成区域的平均Sb-U值（U2）为3.9（2.8-5.6）ug Sb/克肌酐。我们的调查表明，这两种锑化合物在肺部吸收和肾脏排泄方面几乎相同。Sb-A/Sb-B和Sb-A/Sb-U之间的统计学显著相关性为职业锑暴露的适当生物暴露限值提供了依据。

In the production of lead batteries two antimony compounds occur: in the casting of grids antimony trioxide, and in the formation of lead plates stibine. Seven workers from the grid-casting area and 14 workers from the formation area were examined with regard to the antimony concentration in blood (Sb-B) and urine (Sb-U). Antimony air concentrations (Sb-A) were measured by means of personal air samplers. Urine samples were collected at the end of the working week, at the beginning (U1) and the end (U2) of the shift, and at the beginning of work following a weekend without Sb exposure (U3). At U2 among the casters, the median Sb-A exposure was 4.5 (1.18-6.6.6) ug Sb/cu m and among the formation workers, 12.4 (0.6-41.5) ug Sb/cu m. The exposure in both groups is more than 10 times lower than the present threshold limit values. The median Sb-B concentrations in the preshift samples was 2.6 (0.5-3.4) ug Sb/L for the casters and 10.1 (0.5-17.9) ug Sb/L for the formation workers. The average Sb-U values (U2) were 3.9 (2.8-5.6) ug Sb/g creatinine in the forming area. Our investigation indicates that the two antimony compounds show virtually equal pulmonary absorption and renal elimination. The statistically significant correlations between Sb-A/Sb-B and Sb-A/Sb-U form the basis for proposals regarding appropriate biological exposure limits for occupational antimony exposure.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

兔予遭受了未知的空气中砒硫浓度下的慢性和急性砒硫中毒。发现砒硫对动物机体的影响与其他锑化合物非常相似。在砒硫中，与其他化合物一样，电负性组分是真正的活性成分。除了血液之外，两只中毒兔的所有检查器官都含有锑。

Rabbits were subjected to chronic and acute stibine poisoning at unknown concentrations of stibine in air. The effects of stibine on the animal organism were found to closely follow those of other antimonous compounds. In stibine, as in the other compounds, the electroenegative constituent is the true active one. With the exception of the blood, all organs investigated in two rabbits poisoned with stibine contained antimony.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 职业暴露等级：
  C
• 职业暴露限值：
  TWA: 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3)
• 危险等级：
  2.3
• 立即威胁生命和健康浓度：
  5 ppm
• 储存条件：
  储存注意事项： - 储存于阴凉、通风的有毒气体专用库房。 - 库温不宜超过30℃。 - 远离火种、热源，包装要求密封，不可与空气接触。 - 应与氧化剂、酸类、碱类及食用化学品分开存放，切忌混储。 - 使用防爆型照明和通风设施。 - 禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。 - 储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备。

制备方法与用途

类别: 压缩气体和液化气体

毒性分级: 剧毒

急性毒性: 吸入-小鼠 LCL0: 100 PPM/1小时

爆炸物危险特性: 与金属反应放出易爆氢气

可燃性危险特性: 易燃；受热分解产生易燃氢气

储运特性: 库房应通风、低温和干燥，需与其他氧化剂、金属及易燃物质分开存放

灭火剂: 水

职业标准: TCV-TWA 0.5 毫克/立方米

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  亚锑氢化物 在 Cu salt 作用下， 以 further solvent(s) 为溶剂， 生成 铜
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Gates, C. B., Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1911, vol. 15, p. 103 - 105

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氯化锑(V) 在 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene 作用下， 以 氘代乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 2.0h， 生成 亚锑氢化物
  参考文献：
  名称：

  非贵重过渡金属化合物的无盐还原：用于催化CC键形成的非晶态Ni纳米粒子的生成

  摘要：

  使用2,3,5,6-四甲基-1,4-双（三甲基甲硅烷基）实现了无盐生成多种金属（0）颗粒的方法，包括Fe，Co，Ni和Cu -1,4-二氮杂-2-5-环己二烯（1），可在温和条件下还原相应的金属前体。值得注意的是，在过量1的存在下，用1（甲苯）中的Ni（acac）2（acac =乙酰丙酮）处理Ni（acac =乙酰丙酮）原位形成的Ni粒子对芳基卤化物的CC键还原反应具有显着的催化活性。通过检查高倍透射电子显微镜图像和电子衍射图，我们得出结论，非晶态镍纳米粒子（Ni aNPs）对于高催化活性至关重要。

  DOI：

  10.1002/anie.201507902
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  4-硝基甲苯 在 亚锑氢化物 、 sodium tetrahydroborate 作用下， 以 甲醇 为溶剂， 反应 1.0h， 以73%的产率得到N-(对甲苯基)羟胺
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis Of N-Arylhydroxylamines by Antimony-Catalyzed Reduction of Nitroarenes

  摘要：

  Metallic antimony catalyzes the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding N-arylhydroxylamines in good yields with NaBH4 under mild conditions. The azoxybenzenes from autoxidation of N-arylhydroxylamines were also obtained in basic conditions.

  DOI：

  10.1080/00397919708006092

文献信息

• Solvothermal syntheses, and characterization of [Ln(en)4(SbSe4)] (Ln=Ce, Pr) and [Ln(en)4]SbSe4·0.5en (Ln=Eu, Gd, Er, Tm, Yb): The effect of lanthanide contraction on the crystal structures of lanthanide selenidoantimonates(V)
  作者：Dingxian Jia、Aimei Zhu、Qinyan Jin、Yong Zhang、Wenqing Jiang

  DOI：10.1016/j.jssc.2008.05.040

  日期：2008.9

  types of lanthanide selenidoantimonates [Ln(en)4(SbSe4)] (Ln=Ce(1a), Pr(1b)) and [Ln(en)4]SbSe4·0.5en (Ln=Eu(2a), Gd(2b), Er(2c), Tm(2d), Yb(2e); en=ethylenediamine) were solvothermally synthesized by reactions of LnCl3, Sb and Se with the stoichiometric ratio in en solvent at 140 °C. The four-en coordinated lanthanide complex cation [Ln(en)4]3+ formed in situ balances the charge of SbSe43− anion. In compounds

  两种类型的镧系元素的selenidoantimonates [ LN（烯）4（SBSE 4）]（LN =铈（1A），PR（1B））和[ LN（烯）4 ] SBSE 4 ·0.5en（LN =铕（图2a），钆（图2b），铒（2C），TM（2D），镱（2E）; EN =乙二胺）的溶剂热通过反应合成LN氯3与化学计量比，Sb和硒烯溶剂中，在140℃。四烯协调镧系络合物阳离子[ LN（烯）4 ]原位形成的3+平衡SbSe 4 3-阴离子的电荷。在化合物1a和1b中，SbSe 4 3-阴离子充当单齿配体以配位络合物[ Ln（en）4 ] 3+并形成中性化合物[ Ln（en）4（SbSe 4）]。所述LN 3+离子具有涉及八名N原子和一个硒原子形成一个扭曲的单封端四方反棱柱九配位环境。在2a–2e中，镧系元素（III）离子以孤立的络合物形式存在[ Ln（en）4] 3+，其中Ln 3+离子呈二等三角形
• Effect of the sintering pressure on structure and microstructure of the filled skutterudite Sm (Fe Ni1-)4Sb12 (x = 0.50–0.80, y = 0.17–0.55)
  作者：Cristina Artini、Alessandro Cingolani、Fabrizio Valenza、Umberto Anselmi-Tamburini、Giovanna Latronico、Paolo Mele

  DOI：10.1016/j.materresbull.2021.111261

  日期：2021.7

  relevance of these parameters in driving the thermoelectric properties of the material. Increasing pressure induces a change in the Sm amount, as well as an increase in microstrain and a decrease in the diffraction domains size. At the same time, enhancing pressure above a certain threshold promotes the formation of the extra phase (Sm,Fe,Ni)Sb2, and hence a large power factor reduction. Relying on data

  在火花等离子体烧结（SPS）过程中，对在三种不同压力下处理过的Sm y（Fe x Ni 1- x）4 Sb 12体系的几种成分进行了结构和微观结构研究。该研究的目的是要认识到在固定温度下施加的压力对组成，微应变和畴尺寸的影响，这是由于这些参数在驱动材料的热电性能方面具有相关性。压力的增加引起Sm量的变化，以及微应变的增加和衍射域尺寸的减小。同时，将压力提高到一定阈值以上会促进多余相（Sm，Fe，Ni）Sb 2的形成，因此功率因数降低很大。依靠在这项工作中收集到的数据，在SPS期间施加接近180 MPa的压力将在微观结构和传输性能方面的优势与相纯度方面的劣势之间取得良好的平衡。
• Crystal Chemistry of the New Families of Interstitial Compounds R₆Mg₂₃C (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, or Gd) and Ce₆Mg₂₃Z (Z = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, or Sb)
  作者：Federico Wrubl、Pietro Manfrinetti、Marcella Pani、Pavlo Solokha、Adriana Saccone

  DOI：10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02114

  日期：2016.1.4

  new series of compounds R6Mg23C with R = La–Sm or Gd and Ce6Mg23Z with Z = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, or Sb have been studied by means of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. All phases crystallize with the cubic Zr6Zn23Si prototype (cF120, space group Fm3̅m, Z = 4), a filled variant of the Th6Mn23 structure. While no Th6Mn23-type binary rare earth–magnesium compound is known to exist

  具有R = La–Sm或Gd的R 6 Mg 23 C和Z = C，Si，Ge，Sn，Pb，P，As或Sb的Ce 6 Mg 23 Z的新系列化合物的晶体化学特征通过单晶和粉末X射线衍射技术进行研究。所有阶段结晶与立方锆6的Zn 23的Si原型（CF 120，空间群FM 3米，Ž = 4），将Th填充变体6的Mn 23的结构。虽然没有Th 6 Mn 23已知存在两种类型的二元稀土-镁化合物，在Th 6 Mn 23电池（Wyckoff位点4 a）的八面体腔中添加了第三种元素Z（仅占3个原子％），可以稳定这种结构排列并可以形成三元R 6 Mg 23 Z化合物。结构和拓扑分析结果以及LMTO电子结构计算结果均表明，间隙元素在这些相的稳定性中起着至关重要的作用，形成了牢固结合的[R 6 Z]八面体部分，并由类似沸石笼状[[镁45]集群。考虑到这两个构建单元，可以将这些看似复杂的金属间化合物的晶体结构简化为NaCl型拓扑。此外，揭示了RMg
• Geometric Variations and Electron Localizations in Intermetallics: The Case of La2Sb Type Compounds
  作者：Jürgen Nuss、Ulrich Wedig、Martin Jansen

  DOI：10.1002/zaac.201100331

  日期：2011.11

  individual compounds are compared on the basis of the Electron Localization Function (ELF). Based on specific geometrical parameters, the La2Sb type compounds are arranged in a structure field map. Three distinct areas arise: insulating K2NiF4 type compounds, semiconducting, oxygen stuffed variants and oxygen-free metallic compounds. La2Sb is found in the latter area, ruling out oxygen content, which

  讨论了 La2Sb 型化合物及其充氧变体的结构关系，例如 Eu4Sb2O（抗 K2NiF4 型）。在这些研究过程中，La2Sb、Pr2Sb、Sm2Sb、Nd2Bi 和 Sm4Bi2O 的晶体结构是根据单晶数据确定和精炼的。在密度泛函理论的框架内计算了能带结构，并在电子定位函数 (ELF) 的基础上比较了各个化合物的键合特性。基于特定的几何参数，La2Sb 型化合物排列在结构场图中。出现了三个不同的领域：绝缘 K2NiF4 型化合物、半导体、充氧变体和无氧金属化合物。La2Sb 在后一个区域被发现，排除了氧含量，高分辨率单晶 X 射线衍射证实了这一点。化合物的电子结构与价电子数有关。三价金属的 Pnictides 是金属的，具有局部多中心金属 - 金属键，二价金属形成氧填充变体。钐是唯一在结构场图的两个区域都发现的元素，显示出无氧和填充变体。
• High-temperature transport properties of complex antimonides with anti-Th₃P₄structure
  作者：A. Chamoire、F. Gascoin、C. Estournès、T. Caillat、J.-C. Tédenac

  DOI：10.1039/b914712h

  日期：——

  Polycrystalline samples of R4Sb3 (R = La, Ce, Sm and Yb) and Yb4−xR′xSb3 (R′ = Sm and La) have been quantitatively synthesized by high-temperature reaction. They crystallize in the anti-Th3P4 structure type (I3d, no. 220). Structural and chemical characterizations have been performed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Powders have been densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1300 °C under 50 MPa of pressure. Transport property measurements show that these compounds are n-type with low Seebeck coefficient except for Yb4Sb3 that shows a typical metallic behavior with hole conduction. By partially substituting Yb by a trivalent rare earth we successfully improved the thermoelectric figure of merit of Yb4−xR′xSb3 up to 0.75 at 1000 °C.

  通过高温反应，定量合成了R4Sb3 (R = La, Ce, Sm 和 Yb)及Yb4−xR′xSb3 (R′ = Sm 和 La)的多晶样品。它们以反Th3P4结构类型（I3d，第220号空间群）结晶。通过X射线衍射和配备能量色散X射线分析的电子显微镜进行了结构和化学表征。在1300°C、50 MPa压力下通过放电等离子烧结（SPS）将粉末致密化。输运性质测量显示，这些化合物为n型，除了具有空穴导电性的典型金属行为Yb4Sb3外，其余Seebeck系数较低。通过用三价稀土元素部分替代Yb，我们成功地将Yb4−xR′xSb3的热电优值提高至1000°C下的0.75。