锑化锌 | 12039-35-9

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 无机盐 - 无机锑盐
• 中文名称: 锑化锌
• 英文名称: Zinc antimonide
• 英文别名: antimony;zinc
• CAS: 12039-35-9
• 化学式: ZnSb
• 分子量: 187.1
• InChiKey: CZJCMXPZSYNVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  565°C
• 密度：
  6.330
• 溶解度：
  与H2O反应

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.38
• 重原子数：
  2
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

锌可以通过肺部、皮肤和胃肠消化道进入人体。肠道对锌的吸收由锌载体蛋白CRIP控制。锌还与金属硫蛋白结合，有助于防止过量锌的吸收。锌在体内广泛分布，存在于所有组织和组织液中，尤其在肝脏、胃肠道、肾脏、皮肤、肺、大脑、心脏和胰腺中含量较高。在血液中，锌与红细胞中的碳酸酐酶结合，也与血浆中的白蛋白、α2-巨球蛋白和氨基酸结合。白蛋白和氨基酸结合的锌可以扩散穿过组织膜。锌通过尿液和粪便排出体外。锑在体内广泛分布。头发和皮肤含有最高水平的锑。肾上腺、肺、大肠、气管、小脑和肾脏也含有相对较高水平的锑。血液是将吸收的锑运输到体内各个组织隔室的主要载体。锑是一种金属，因此不经历分解代谢。锑可以与巯基和磷酸共价相互作用，以及与内源性配体（例如蛋白质）发生许多可逆的结合相互作用。目前尚不清楚这些相互作用在毒理学上是否具有重要意义。锑通过尿液和粪便排出体外。一些粪便中的锑可能代表未被吸收的锑，通过粘膜纤毛活动从肺部清除到食管，然后进入胃肠道。（L741，L49）

Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. Antimony is widely distributed throughout the body. The hair and skin contain the highest levels of antimony. The adrenal glands, lung, large intestine, trachea, cerebellum, and kidneys also contain relatively high levels of antimony. Blood is the main vehicle for the transport of absorbed antimony to various tissue compartments of the body. Antimony is a metal and, therefore, does not undergo catabolism. Antimony can covalently interact with sulfhydryl groups and phosphate, as well as numerous reversible binding interactions with endogenous ligands (e.g., proteins). It is not known if these interactions are toxicologically significant. Antimony is excreted via the urine and feces. Some of the fecal antimony may represent unabsorbed antimony that is cleared from the lung via mucociliary action into the esophagus to the gastrointestinal tract. (L741, L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

缺铁性贫血是由于锌的过度吸收抑制了铜和铁的吸收，这很可能是通过肠道粘膜细胞的竞争性结合实现的。铜和锌的不平衡水平与铜锌超氧化物歧化酶结合已被联系到肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）。胃酸溶解金属锌生成腐蚀性的氯化锌，这可能会损害胃粘膜。金属烟雾热被认为是对吸入锌的免疫反应。吸入数据表明心肌是锑中毒的目标。锑可能通过干扰糖原分解和糖异生途径的酶来影响循环中的葡萄糖。锑的作用机制尚不清楚。然而，一些研究表明锑与包括在几个对组织呼吸重要的酶中的巯基团结合。BAL的解毒作用取决于其防止或打断锑与关键酶结合的能力。此外，死亡原因被认为是与急性砷中毒基本相同。

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. The inhalation data suggest that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the The cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. (T18, L741, A238, L48, L49, A49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

无致癌性迹象（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

长期接触锌会导致贫血、共济失调、乏力，并降低体内良好胆固醇的水平。还认为它会导致胰腺和生殖损害。皮肤接触锑会导致锑斑（围绕汗腺和皮脂腺的丘疹和脓疱）。锑中毒还可能导致肺尘病。吸入锑可能导致肺部功能改变和其他影响，包括慢性支气管炎、慢性肺气肿、活动性肺结核、胸膜粘连和刺激。锑中毒还可能导致血压升高。心肌抑制、血管扩张和液体流失可能导致低血压、电解质紊乱和急性肾衰竭的休克。脑水肿、昏迷、惊厥和死亡是可能的。（L741，L49）

Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. (L741, L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入 (L49)；口服 (L49)；经皮 (L49)

Inhalation (L49) ; oral (L49) ; dermal (L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

摄入大量锌会导致胃痉挛、恶心和呕吐。急性吸入大量锌会引起金属烟雾热，其特征是寒战、发热、头痛、虚弱、鼻和喉咙干燥、胸痛和咳嗽。锌与皮肤接触会导致皮肤刺激。吸入锑可能导致腹痛、呕吐和腹泻。吸入暴露可能导致呼吸困难、头痛、呕吐、咳嗽、结膜炎和鼻涕血性脓性分泌物。皮肤或眼睛接触会造成暴露表面的疼痛和发红。

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea can result from inhalation of antimony. Dyspnea, headache, vomiting,cough, conjunctivitis, and bloody purulent discharge from nose can result from inhalation exposure. Skin or eye contact can cause pain and redness of the exposed surface. (T64, L741, L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• WGK Germany：
  3