五氯联苯 | 31508-00-6

• 物质功能分类: 分析化学 - 食品安全 - 二噁英，多氯联苯，呋喃
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 中文名称: 五氯联苯
• 中文别名: 氯联苯118；2,3',4,4',5-五氯联苯醚
• 英文名称: 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl
• 英文别名: 1,2,4-trichloro-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)benzene
• CAS: 31508-00-6
• 化学式: C₁₂H₅Cl₅
• 分子量: 326.437
• InChiKey: IUTPYMGCWINGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  107°C
• 沸点：
  412.3°C (rough estimate)
• 密度：
  1.5220 (rough estimate)
• 溶解度：
  氯仿（微溶）、己烷（微溶）
• 蒸汽压力：
  8.97e-06 mmHg
• 保留指数：
  2278.9;2259;2211.9;2259.7;2234.2;2207.7;2289;2213.7;2243.2;2244.3;2247.4;2291;2275;2276;2277

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  7.1
• 重原子数：
  17
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

多氯联苯（PCBs）通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触途径被吸收。它们通过血液传输，通常与白蛋白结合。由于其亲脂性，它们倾向于在富含脂质的组织中积累，如肝脏、脂肪组织和皮肤。多氯联苯的代谢非常缓慢，并且根据氯化的程度和位置而有所不同。多氯联苯通过微粒体单加氧酶系统进行代谢，该系统由细胞色素P-450酶催化，转化为极性代谢物，这些代谢物可以与谷胱甘肽和葡萄糖醛酸结合。主要代谢物是羟基化产物，通过胆汁和粪便排出。多氯联苯的缓慢代谢意味着它们倾向于在身体组织中积累。

PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are trasported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (L4, T6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

PCB的作用机制因具体类型而异。类似于二噁烷的PCB会与芳基烃受体结合，通过改变基因的转录来扰乱细胞功能，主要是通过诱导肝脏第一阶段和第二阶段酶的表达，特别是细胞色素P450家族。人们认为PCB的大多数毒性效应是Ah受体结合的结果。其他PCB被认为会干扰钙通道和/或改变大脑中的多巴胺水平。PCB还通过改变甲状腺激素的生成和与雌激素受体结合来引起内分泌紊乱，这可能会刺激某些癌细胞的生长并产生其他类雌激素效应，如生殖功能障碍。它们还会通过结合如uteroglobin等受体蛋白而生物累积。(A3, A4, A30, A66)

The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (A3, A4, A30, A66)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

PCBs最常见的健康影响是皮肤状况，如氯痤疮和皮疹。长期暴露于PCBs还可能导致肝脏、胃和肾脏损害、黄疸、水肿、贫血、免疫系统变化、行为改变以及生殖能力受损。

The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (L4)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L4级）；吸入（L4级）；皮肤给药（L4级）

Oral (L4) ; inhalation (L4) ; dermal (L4)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

慢性 PCB 暴露会导致如下症状：腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛、眩晕、抑郁、神经紧张、皮肤和眼睛损伤、疲劳、月经周期不规律以及免疫力下降。

Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (A3)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  N
• 安全说明：
  S35,S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R50/53,R33
• RTECS号：
  TQ1350000
• 海关编码：
  2903999090
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3432 9/PG 2
• 储存条件：
  | 室温 |

制备方法与用途

PCB118是一种多氯联苯，也是一种环境污染物。研究显示，PCB118可通过激活JNK和芳香烃受体途径诱导甲状腺发生炎症反应。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  五氯联苯 生成 2,3',4,4'-四氯联苯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Oefjord Gro D., Puhakka Jaakko A., Ferguson John F., Environ. Sci. and Technol., 28 (1994) N 13, S 2286-2294

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  3,3′-二氯联苯胺 在 盐酸 、 硫酸 、 potassium nitrate 、 tin(ll) chloride 作用下， 以 溶剂黄146 为溶剂， 反应 2.0h， 生成 五氯联苯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  取代联苯的合成及质子磁共振谱

  摘要：

  由3,3'-二氯联苯胺制备了一系列新的3,3'-二氯联苯的酰基氨基，氨基，氯和硝基衍生物，其结构已通过1 H nmr光谱证实。硝基的基团的电子和空间影响邻讨论到核间键。

  DOI：

  10.1039/j39710000762

文献信息

• Emission Factors and Importance of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PCNs, PAHs and PM₁₀ from the Domestic Burning of Coal and Wood in the U.K.
  作者：Robert G. M. Lee、Peter Coleman、Joanne L. Jones、Kevin C. Jones、Rainer Lohmann

  DOI：10.1021/es048745i

  日期：2005.3.1

  fuels. However, their combined emissions from the domestic burning of coal and wood would contribute only a few percent to annual U.K. emission estimates. Emissions of PAHs and PM10 were major contributors to U.K. national emission inventories. Major emissions were found from the domestic burning for Cl1,2,3DFs, while the contribution of PCDD/F-sigmaTEQ to total U.K. emissions was minor.

  本文介绍了当煤和木材经过受控燃烧实验时针对一系列持久性有机污染物（POPs）得出的排放因子（EFs），旨在模拟空间供暖的家庭燃烧。排放了各种各样的持久性有机污染物，煤炭的排放量高于木材的排放量。对于颗粒物，PM10（大约10 g / kg燃料）和多环芳烃（对于sigmaPAHs大约100 mg / kg燃料）获得了最高的EF。对于氯化物，多氯联苯（PCB）的EF最高，而多氯萘（PCN），二苯并-对-二恶英（PCDD）和二苯并呋喃（PCDF）的丰度较低。对于sigmaPCB，EF大约为1000 ng / kg燃料，对于sigmaPCNs大约为100s ng / kg燃料，对于sigmaPCDD / Fs大约为100 ng / kg燃料。该研究证实，一氯化至三氯化二苯并呋喃Cl1,2,3DFs是低温燃烧过程（如煤炭和木材的国内燃烧）的有力指标。结论是，在固体燃料燃烧期间通常形成许多PCB和PC
• Synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites with a modified Suzuki-coupling
  作者：Izabela Kania-Korwel、Sean Parkin、Larry W Robertson、Hans-Joachim Lehmler

  DOI：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.035

  日期：2004.8

  A modified procedure for the synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) utilizing the Suzuki-coupling, a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction, is described. The coupling of (chlorinated) benzene boronic acids with bromochlorobenzenes, using Pd(dppf)(2)Cl(2) (dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) as the catalyst and aqueous sodium carbonate as the base, gave the desired PCB congeners

  描述了使用铃木偶联（钯催化的交叉偶联反应）合成多氯联苯（PCB）的改进方法。以Pd（dppf）（2）Cl（2）（dppf = 1,1'-双（二苯基膦基）二茂铁）为催化剂，碳酸钠水溶液为碱，将（氯化）苯硼酸与溴氯苯偶合所需的PCB同类产品，产量适中至良好。使用此修改程序合成了11种PCB同类物，包括对环境重要的PCB同类物和代谢物。与Pd（PPh（4））（4）相比，这种新的催化剂Pd（dppf）（2）Cl（2）具有空气敏感性较低的优点，并且具有更长的保存期限。通过将氯化苯硼酸与溴（二）甲氧基苯偶联或通过将（二）甲氧基苯硼酸与氯化溴苯偶联，使用相同的步骤合成了三个新的（二）甲氧基化PCB同类物。使用三溴化硼的二氯甲烷溶液可以轻松地将二甲氧基化的PCB同类物转化为相应的二羟基化的PCB衍生物。与常规方法（例如Cadogan反应）相比，该方法具有高选择性和中等至良好收率的优势，并允许使用毒性较小的原料。
• Reagents and method for detecting polychlorinated biphenyls
  申请人：Abbott Laboratories

  公开号：US05145790A1

  公开（公告）日：1992-09-08

  Reagents and an immunoassay for detecting the presence or amount of polychlorinated biphenyls in a test sample. The assay is performed by adding a known concentration of a tracer labeled with a detectable moiety and a known concentration of an analyte-specific antibody to a test sample to form a mixture, incubating the mixture to form labeled tracer-antibody and analyte-antibody complexes, and determining the presence or amount of tracer-antibody complexes formed as a measure of the presence or amount of analyte in the test sample. Reagents provided include tracers, immunogens and an additive compound useful in preventing non-specific binding of the polychlorinated biphenyls to proteins which may be present in the test sample. A kit for performing the assay also is provided.

  试剂和一种免疫测定用于检测测试样品中多氯联苯的存在或数量。该测定是通过向测试样品中添加已知浓度的带有可检测基团的示踪剂和已知浓度的特异性抗体来形成混合物，孵育混合物以形成标记的示踪剂-抗体和分析物-抗体复合物，并测定形成的示踪剂-抗体复合物的存在或数量作为测试样品中分析物存在或数量的测量。提供的试剂包括示踪剂、免疫原和一种有用的添加剂化合物，可防止多氯联苯与可能存在于测试样品中的蛋白质发生非特异性结合。还提供了用于执行该测定的试剂盒。
• Instruments for detecting low-molecular weight substance
  申请人：Mizukami Haruki

  公开号：US20050148097A1

  公开（公告）日：2005-07-07

  To provide the following instruments 1 and 2 as a low-molecular-weight substance detection instrument employing immunochromatography capable of detecting conveniently and sensitively detecting a low-molecular weight substance such as an environmental pollutant (e.g., a dioxin), as a target substance contained in a test sample: 1. an instrument, which comprises 1) a test sample application section with which a test sample is brought into contact; 2) a label product reaction section containing a label product containing, as a portion thereof, an antibody capable of binding to a target substance contained in the test sample, the label product being not bound to the reaction section; 3) an unbound label product capturing section containing an element capable of capturing the label product which is not bound to the target substance, the element being bound to the capturing section; and 4) a detection section containing a detection element which, when coming into contact with the target substance bound to the label product, causes a visually observable change, and 2. an instrument wherein a test sample is reacted with a labeled antibody containing, as a portion thereof, an antibody capable of binding to a target substance contained in the test sample, and the resultant reaction product is employed for detecting the target substance contained in the test sample.

  提供以下仪器1和2作为低分子量物质检测仪器，采用免疫层析技术，能够方便敏感地检测低分子量物质，例如环境污染物（例如二恶英），作为测试样品中包含的目标物质：1. 仪器，包括1）测试样品应用部分，用于将测试样品接触；2）标签产物反应部分，包含一种标签产物，其中包含一种能够结合到测试样品中的目标物质的抗体，标签产物未结合到反应部分；3）未结合标签产物捕获部分，包含一种能够捕获未结合到目标物质的标签产物的元素，该元素与捕获部分结合；以及4）检测部分，包含一种检测元素，当与结合到标签产物的目标物质接触时，会引起可视的变化；2. 仪器，其中测试样品与标记抗体反应，其中一部分包含能够结合到测试样品中的目标物质的抗体，产生的反应产物用于检测测试样品中包含的目标物质。
• INSTRUMENTS FOR DETECTING LOW-MOLECULAR WEIGHT SUBSTANCE
  申请人：Enbiotec Laboratories Co., Ltd.

  公开号：EP1489420A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-12-22

  To provide the following instruments 1 and 2 as a low-molecular-weight substance detection instrument employing immunochromatography capable of detecting conveniently and sensitively detecting a low-molecular weight substance such as an environmental pollutant (e.g., a dioxin), as a target substance contained in a test sample: 1. an instrument, which comprises 1) a test sample application section with which a test sample is brought into contact; 2) a label product reaction section containing a label product containing, as a portion thereof, an antibody capable of binding to a target substance contained in the test sample, the label product being not bound to the reaction section; 3) an unbound label product capturing section containing an element capable of capturing the label product which is not bound to the target substance, the element being bound to the capturing section; and 4) a detection section containing a detection element which, when coming into contact with the target substance bound to the label product, causes a visually observable change, and 2. an instrument wherein a test sample is reacted with a labeled antibody containing, as a portion thereof, an antibody capable of binding to a target substance contained in the test sample, and the resultant reaction product is employed for detecting the target substance contained in the test sample.

  提供以下仪器 1 和 2，作为一种采用免疫层析技术的低分子量物质检测仪器，能够方便、灵敏地检测作为检测样品中目标物质的低分子量物质，如环境污染物（如二恶英）： 1.仪器，包括：1）测试样品应用部分，测试样品与之接触；2）标签产品反应部分，包含标签产品，作为其一部分，该标签产品含有能够与测试样品中所含目标物质结合的抗体，标签产品未与反应部分结合；3) 非结合标签产品捕获部分，包含能够捕获未与目标物质结合的标签产品的元件，该元件与捕获部分结合；以及 4) 检测部分，包含检测元件，该元件与结合在标签产品上的目标物质接触时，会引起视觉上可观察到的变化，以及 2. 2. 一种仪器，其中测试样品与标记抗体反应，标记抗体的一部分能够与测试样品中的目标物质结合，反应产物用于检测测试样品中的目标物质。

表征谱图