The invention provides compounds of formula (I) and salts thereof: R
1
-L-R
2
—B wherein R
1
, L, R
2
, and B have any of the values defined herein, as well as compositions comprising such compounds, and therapeutic methods comprising the administration of such compounds or salts. The compounds block siderophore production in bacteria and are useful as antibacterial agents.
Synthesis and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Siderophore Biosynthesis Inhibitors for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
作者:Kathryn M. Nelson、Kishore Viswanathan、Surendra Dawadi、Benjamin P. Duckworth、Helena I. Boshoff、Clifton E. Barry、Courtney C. Aldrich
DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00391
日期:2015.7.23
development. 5′-O-[N-(Salicyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (1) is a bisubstrate inhibitor of MbtA and exhibits exceptionally potent biochemical and antitubercular activity. However, 1 suffers from suboptimal drug disposition properties resulting in a short half-life (t1/2), low exposure (AUC), and low bioavailability (F). Four strategies were pursued to address these liabilities including the synthesis of prodrugs
MbtA催化分枝杆菌素的第一个重要的生物合成步骤,这是与结核分枝杆菌中铁摄入有关的重要毒力因子。MbtA是抗结核药物开发的经过验证的治疗靶标。5'- O- [ N-(水杨基)氨磺酰基]腺苷(1)是MbtA的双底物抑制剂,具有极强的生化和抗结核活性。然而,1的药物处置特性欠佳,导致半衰期短(t 1/2),低暴露(AUC)和低生物利用度(F)。采取了四种策略来解决这些问题,包括前药的合成,增加酰基磺酰基部分的p K a,调节亲脂性以及将氟引入1的策略。对所有化合物进行了完整的药代动力学(PK)分析。最成功的修饰涉及核苷的氟化,这可显着改善t 1/2和AUC。增加酰基-磺酰基接头的p K a会产生增量的增强,而亲脂性和前药方法的调节则导致PK参数大大降低。
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of nucleoside prodrugs designed to target siderophore biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
作者:Surendra Dawadi、Shuhei Kawamura、Anja Rubenstein、Rory Remmel、Courtney C. Aldrich
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2016.02.002
日期:2016.3
relative to the parent compound 2, resulting in efflux ratios 5–28 times greater than 2. Additionally, Caco-2 cells were found to hydrolyze the prodrugs with SAR mirroring the serum stability results and a preference for hydrolysis on the apical side. Taken together, these results suggest that the described prodrug strategy will lead to lower than expected oral bioavailability of 2 and highlight the contribution
Rationally Designed Nucleoside Antibiotics That Inhibit Siderophore Biosynthesis of <i>Mycobacterium </i><i>t</i><i>uberculosis</i>
作者:Ravindranadh V. Somu、Helena Boshoff、Chunhua Qiao、Eric M. Bennett、Clifton E. Barry、Courtney C. Aldrich
DOI:10.1021/jm051060o
日期:2006.1.1
A rationally designed nucleoside inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth (MIC99 = 0.19 mu M) that disrupts siderophore biosynthesis was identified. The activity is due to inhibition of the adenylate-forming enzyme MbtA which is involved in biosynthesis of the mycobactins.
Antitubercular Nucleosides That Inhibit Siderophore Biosynthesis: SAR of the Glycosyl Domain
作者:Ravindranadh V. Somu、Daniel J. Wilson、Eric M. Bennett、Helena I. Boshoff、Laura Celia、Brian J. Beck、Clifton E. Barry、Courtney C. Aldrich
DOI:10.1021/jm061068d
日期:2006.12.1
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of infectious disease mortality in the world by a bacterial pathogen. We previously demonstrated that a bisubstrate inhibitor of the adenylation enzyme MbtA, which is responsible for the second step of mycobactin biosynthesis, exhibited potent antitubercular activity. Here we systematically investigate the structure-activity relationships of the bisubstrate inhibitor glycosyl domain resulting in the identification of a carbocyclic analogue that possesses a K-I(app) value of 2.3 nM and MIC99 values of 1.56 mu M against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The SAR data suggest the intriguing possibility that the bisubstrate inhibitors utilize a transporter for entry across the mycobacterial cell envelope. Additionally, we report improved conditions for the expression of MbtA and biochemical analysis, demonstrating that MbtA follows a random sequential enzyme mechanism for the adenylation half-reaction.