Synthesis and characterization of azolate gold(i) phosphane complexes as thioredoxin reductase inhibiting antitumor agents
作者:Rossana Galassi、Alfredo Burini、Simone Ricci、Maura Pellei、Maria Pia Rigobello、Anna Citta、Alessandro Dolmella、Valentina Gandin、Cristina Marzano
DOI:10.1039/c2dt11781a
日期:——
Following an increasing interest in the gold drug therapy field, nine new neutral azolate gold(I) phosphane compounds have been synthesized and tested as anticancer agents. The azolate ligands used in this study are pyrazolates and imidazolates substituted with deactivating groups such as trifluoromethyl, nitro or chloride moieties, whereas the phosphane co-ligand is the triphenylphosphane or the more hydrophilic TPA (TPA = 1,3,5-triazaphosphaadamantane). The studied gold(I) complexes are: (3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane–gold(I) (1), (3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane–gold(I) (2), (4-nitro-1H-pyrazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane–gold(I) (5), (4,5-dichloro-1H-imidazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane–gold(I) (7), with the related TPA complexes (3), (4), (6) and (8) and (1-benzyl-4,5-di-chloro-2H-imidazolate-2-yl)-triphenylphosphane–gold(I) (9). The presence of deactivating groups on the azole rings improves the solubility of these complexes in polar media. Compounds 1–8 contain the N–Au–P environment, whilst compound 9 is the only one to contain a C–Au–P environment. Crystal structures for compounds 1 and 2 have been obtained and discussed. Interestingly, the newly synthesized gold(I) compounds were found to possess a pronounced cytotoxic activity on several human cancer cells, some of which were endowed with cis-platin or multidrug resistance. In particular, among azolate gold(I) complexes, 1 and 2 proved to be the most promising derivatives eliciting an antiproliferative effect up to 70 times higher than cis-platin. Mechanistic experiments indicated that the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) might be involved in the pharmacodynamic behavior of these gold species.
随着人们对金药物治疗领域的兴趣与日俱增,我们合成了九种新的中性叠氮olate 金(I)膦烷化合物,并将其作为抗癌药物进行了测试。本研究中使用的叠氮配体是被三氟甲基、硝基或氯基等失活基团取代的吡唑盐酸盐和咪唑盐酸盐,而磷烷配体是三苯基膦或亲水性更强的 TPA(TPA = 1,3,5-三氮磷金刚烷)。研究的金(I)配合物有(3,5-双三氟甲基-1H-吡唑烷-1-基)-三苯基膦烷-金(I) (1)、(3,5-二硝基-1H-吡唑烷-1-基)-三苯基膦烷-金(I) (2)、(4-硝基-1H-吡唑烷-1-基)-三苯基膦烷-金(I) (5)、(4,5-二氯-1H-咪唑啉-1-基)-三苯基膦烷-金(I)(7),以及相关的 TPA 复合物(3)、(4)、(6)和(8)和(1-苄基-4,5-二氯-2H-咪唑啉-2-基)-三苯基膦烷-金(I)(9)。唑环上失活基团的存在提高了这些复合物在极性介质中的溶解度。1-8 号化合物含有 N-Au-P 环境,而 9 号化合物是唯一含有 C-Au-P 环境的化合物。化合物 1 和 2 的晶体结构已经获得并进行了讨论。有趣的是,新合成的金(I)化合物被发现对几种人类癌细胞具有明显的细胞毒性活性,其中一些癌细胞具有顺铂抗性或多药抗性。特别是在叠氮olate 金(I)复合物中,1 和 2 被证明是最有前途的衍生物,其抗增殖效果是顺铂的 70 倍。机理实验表明,硫代氧化还原酶(TrxR)的抑制作用可能与这些金的药效学行为有关。