The first successful example of a visible‐light‐induced copper‐catalyzed process for CH annulation of arylamines with terminal alkynes and benzoquinone is described. This three‐component reaction allows use of a variety of commercial terminal alkynes as coupling partners for the one‐step regioselective synthesis of functionalized indoles. Moreover, the current process represents a sustainable and
Dissecting the Electronic Contribution to the Regioselectivity of the Larock Heteroannulation Reaction in the Oxidative Addition and Carbopalladation Steps
作者:Kanyapat Yiamsawat、Kevin P. Gable、Pitak Chuawong
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.1c02560
日期:2022.1.21
the regiochemical outcome of the reaction. Density functional theory calculations of the oxidative addition and carbopalladation steps revealed the electronic influences of the substituted 2-iodoaniline derivatives toward the overall rate of the reaction. In contrast, the electronic properties of the asymmetric diarylacetylene remained the critical product-determining factor of regioselectivity.
Indole compounds and their use as estrogen agonists/antagonists
申请人:——
公开号:US20030220377A1
公开(公告)日:2003-11-27
This invention relates to compounds, in particular indoles, that are useful as estrogen agonists and antagonists and pharmaceutical uses thereof. The present invention also relates to indoles that are selective for the ER&bgr; receptor and pharmaceutical uses thereof. The compounds have utility in that they may be used to treat estrogen mediated disorders.
A series of 2,3-diarylindoles were synthesized from 2-iodoaniline and unsymmetrical diarylacetylenes using the Larock heteroannulation. Diarylacetylenes bearing electron-withdrawing substituents lead to 2,3-diarylindoles with substituted phenyl moieties at the 2-position as major products, while those with electron-donating groups preferably yield indole products with substituted phenyl moieties at the 3-position. The regioisomeric product ratios exhibit a clear correlation with Hammett sigma(p) values. DFT calculations reveal the origin of this effect, displaying smaller activation energy barriers for those pathways leading to the major regioisomer.
STROHMEIER, JOSEF;ANGERER, ERWIN VON, ARCH. PHARM., 320,(1987) N 5, 407-417