Ammonium citrate tribasic

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: Ammonium citrate tribasic
• 英文别名: azane;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
• 化学式: C6H17N3O7
• 分子量: 243.22
• InChiKey: YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -4.12
• 重原子数：
  16
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  144
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  7

ADMET

代谢

研究膳食柠檬酸铵和静脉注射乳酸钠在大鼠中的代谢命运的结果显示，尿素合成在很大浓度范围内代表了所施用氨的几乎恒定比例。除了谷氨酰胺和尿素，标记的氮还出现在肌酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸中。...检查了未经处理和生长激素处理的、经垂体切除的大鼠的肝脏、心脏、肾脏、脾脏和肌肉部分中来自柠檬酸铵的(15)N的掺入蛋白质，并发现根据给药途径的不同，代谢命运存在差异。皮下注射促进了酰胺氮的标记，表明通过谷氨酰胺合成的广泛分布。相比之下，经胃或腹膜内给药导致肝脏中精氨酸、谷氨酸和其他α-氨基酸的标记。酰胺氮的标记程度远低于皮下途径。标记的分布也根据进入途径的不同而有所差异。/柠檬酸铵/

Results of studies on the metabolic fate of dietary ammonium citrate and intravenously-administered ammonium lactate in rats showed that urea synthesis represented a nearly constant fraction of the administered ammonia over a large concentration range. Besides glutamine and urea, labelled nitrogen also appeared in creatine, glycine, alanine, proline, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. ...The incorporation of (15)N from ammonium citrate into proteins of liver, heart, kidney, spleen, and muscle fractions of untreated and growth hormone-treated, hypophysectomized rats /was examined/, and found differences in the metabolic fate, depending on the route of administration. Subcutaneous injection facilitated the labelling of amide nitrogen, indicating extensive disposition via glutamine synthesis. In contrast, intragastric or intraperitoneal administration resulted in the labelling of arginine, glutamic acid, and other alpha-amino acids of the liver. Amide-nitrogen was labelled to a much lesser extent than by the subcutaneous route. The tissue distribution of the label also differed according to the route of entry. /Ammonium citrate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

L-蛋氨酸和甜菜碱HCl被发现可以缓解由过量L-谷氨酸引起的雏鸡生长抑制。过量的L-蛋氨酸对L-谷氨酸和柠檬酸二铵引起的生长抑制具有保护作用，而补充L-丝氨酸和甲酸钠对谷氨酸或精氨酸引起的生长抑制并无保护作用。结果与假设一致，即高水平的膳食蛋白质和单一氨基酸的过量氮会增加对预制甲基组的需求。

L-methionine and betaine HCl were found to alleviate the growth depression /in chicks/ caused by excessive levels of L-glutamic acid. Excessive levels of L-methionine had a protective effect against growth depression caused by L-glutamate and diammonium citrate, and conversely, supplementary L-serine and sodium formate were not protective against glutamic acid- or arginine-induced growth depression. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the preformed methyl group requirement is increased by high levels of dietary protein and excessive nitrogen from a single amino acid.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道（如需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。密切观察呼吸不足的迹象，并在必要时协助通气。通过非重复呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿的迹象并在必要时进行治疗……监测休克的迹象并在必要时进行治疗……对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）连续冲洗每只眼睛……不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能够吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫克/千克的水，最多200毫升，以稀释……不要尝试中和。/氨和相关化合物/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Ammonia and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于失去意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用带有气囊-阀-面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β激动剂，如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注D5W/SRP：“保持开放”，最低流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。如果病人在正常血容量下出现低血压，考虑使用血管加压药。注意液体过载的迹象……。使用丙美卡因盐酸协助眼部冲洗……。/氨及其相关化合物/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ammonium and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

征兆和症状：灰尘：刺激眼睛、鼻子和喉咙；如果吸入会导致咳嗽或呼吸困难。固体：刺激皮肤和眼睛。

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Dust: irritating to eyes, nose and throat; if inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. Solid: irritating to skin and eyes.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

实验室动物：急性暴露/ 使用大剂量的氯化铵、硝酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、扁桃酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐等，可能会出现足够的吸收以产生利尿和系统性氨中毒，尤其是如果物质是经非胃肠道途径给药的话。/柠檬酸铵/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ With large doses of ammonium chloride, nitrate, acetate, bicarbonate, citrate, lactate, mandelate, phosphate, sulfate, etc, there arises the possibility of sufficient absorption to produce a diuresis and systemic ammonia poisoning, particularly if the material is administered parenterally. /Ammonium citrate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

柠檬酸铵（15）N的分布，通过不同途径给药，进入垂体切除大鼠各种组织的蛋白质中/进行了检查/。在胃内、腹腔内和皮下给药15N-柠檬酸铵后的72小时内，肝脏、肾脏和脾脏中蛋白质结合的（15）N浓度高于心脏或肌肉部分。在最初的6小时内，胃内给药途径给出了更高的值，此后，进入肝脏蛋白质的（15）N量并未受到给药途径的显著影响。然而，在大多数其他研究中，通过胃内给药途径的（15）N结合倾向最小，其次是腹腔内和皮下给药途径，后者使更多的标记氨明显地提供给广泛分布的谷氨酰胺合成酶（EC 6.3.1.2）系统。/柠檬酸铵/

...The distribution of (15)N from ammonium citrate, administered by different routes, into the proteins of various tissues of hypophysectomized rats /was examined/. The liver, kidney, and spleen contained greater concentrations of (15)N incorporated into proteins than heart or muscle fractions during 72 hr following intragastric, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous administration of 15N-ammonium citrate. After the first 6 hr, during which the intragastric route gave higher values, the quantity of (15)N incorporated into liver-protein was not substantially affected by the route of administration. In most of the other tissues studied, however, (15)N incorporation tended to be least by the intragastric route, followed, in increasing order, by the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. By the last route, more labelled ammonia was apparently made available to the widely distributed glutamine-synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) system. /Ammonium citrate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  D(+)-葡萄糖一水合物 、 Ammonium citrate tribasic 反应 0.5h， 生成 Triammonium citrate dextrose
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Binder And Wood Board Product From Maillard Reactants

  摘要：

  粘合剂用于生产或促进非或松散组装的物质的凝聚。

  公开号：

  US20100130649A1
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  ammonium hydroxide 、 柠檬酸 生成 Ammonium citrate tribasic
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Organometallic solar voltaic storage cell

  摘要：

  本发明提供了新型金属配合物和含有该配合物的溶液，可用于将光能转化为电能。该配合物是通过将某些金属（如铁）与羧酸化合物、氯化物和氨络合形成的，从而形成具有羧基配体、氯离子配体和氨配体的配合物。首选的羧酸化合物是柠檬酸、乙酸或其盐。本发明还提供了一种太阳能电池，其中包含一个透明容器，容器中浸入一对电极，电极浸泡在金属配合物中。

  公开号：

  US05030743A1
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  叔丁醇 、 2-溴甲基吡啶 、 4-甲苯基乙炔 、 叠氮化钠 、 在 硫酸,铜(2+)盐,碱性的 乙酸乙酯 、 Ammonium citrate tribasic 、 盐酸 、 Brine 、 magnesium sulfate 、 crude product 、 silica gel 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 0.08h， 以to give 2-((4-p-Tolyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) methyl)pyridine (88 mg, 35%)的产率得到2-((4-(p-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Compounds comprising linked heteroaryl moieties and their use as novel umami flavor modifiers, tastants and taste enhancers for comestible compositions

  摘要：

  本发明涉及使用以下式子的化合物及其某些亚属或种类，作为食品、饮料和其他食品组合物中的味道或口感调节剂，特别是鲜味（"鲜味"）口感调节剂、鲜味调味剂和鲜味增强剂。

  公开号：

  US08968708B2

文献信息

• Conjugates of antibodies and bifunctional ligands
  申请人：Immunomedics, Inc.

  公开号：US05612016A1

  公开（公告）日：1997-03-18

  Provided are conjugates useful in cancer, cardiovascular or infectious disease detection and/or therapy. The conjugate is of a ligand and protein. The ligand has a moiety capable of binding to mercapto groups and is capable of chelating a metal useful for detection or therapy. The protein reacts with a substance associated with a targeted cell, pathologic lesion or pathogen. The protein prior to conjugation has at least one mercapto group which becomes a site for conjugation to the ligand. Also provided are metal chelates of the conjugate, methods of detection and therapy, methods for producing the conjugate and pharmaceuticals compositions of the conjugates.

  提供的共轭物在癌症、心血管或传染病的检测和/或治疗中有用。共轭物是由配体和蛋白质组成的。配体具有能够结合巯基的基团，并且能够螯合用于检测或治疗的金属。蛋白质与与靶向细胞、病理损伤或病原体相关的物质反应。共轭前的蛋白质具有至少一个巯基，该巯基成为与配体结合的位点。还提供了共轭物的金属螯合物、检测和治疗方法、制备共轭物的方法以及共轭物的制药组合物。
• BINDERS AND MATERIALS MADE THEREWITH
  申请人：Swift Brian Lee

  公开号：US20090324915A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-12-31

  Binders to produce or promote cohesion in non-assembled or loosely assembled matter.

  Binders用于生产或促进非组装或松散组装的物质中的凝聚作用。
• Micronized alkaline earth metal carbonate
  申请人：Solvay Barium Strontium GmbH

  公开号：US06479029B1

  公开（公告）日：2002-11-12

  The invention concerns a micronized alkaline earth metal carbonate prepared with or without the use of an agent preventing crystal growth, and a process for its preparation and use. The prepared micronized calcium carbonate, barium carbonate with a BET surface area ranging from 3 to 30 m2/g or strontium carbonate with a BET surface area ranging from 3 to 50 m2/g is suitable in particular for preparing capacitors, thermistors and other oxide ceramic electrical components containing calcium oxide, barium oxide or strontium oxide, and high-temperature superconductors. Ammonium salts or alkylammonium salts of carboxylic acids having a total of between 3 and 12 carbon atoms and at least two COOH groups or at least two OH groups, e.g. salts of maleic acid or nitric acid, are used as agents preventing crystal growth.

  本发明涉及一种制备微米级碱土金属碳酸盐的方法，可以使用或不使用防止晶体生长的剂，以及其制备和使用的方法。所制备的微米级碳酸钙、碳酸钡具有BET比表面积在3至30 m2/g之间，或碳酸锶具有BET比表面积在3至50 m2/g之间，特别适用于制备电容器、热敏电阻器和其他含氧化钙、氧化钡或氧化锶的氧化物陶瓷电子元件和高温超导体。作为防止晶体生长的剂，使用具有3至12个碳原子和至少两个COOH基团或至少两个OH基团的羧酸铵盐或烷基铵盐，例如马来酸盐或硝酸盐。
• Binder and wood board product from maillard reactants
  申请人：Knauf Insulation GmbH

  公开号：US07947765B2

  公开（公告）日：2011-05-24

  Binders to produce or promote cohesion in non or loosely assembled matter.

  Binders用于生产或促进非或松散组装的物质中的凝聚力。
• Binder and fiber glass product from maillard reactants
  申请人：Knauf Insulation GmbH

  公开号：US07772347B2

  公开（公告）日：2010-08-10

  The present disclosure is directed to cured and uncured binders useful in the fabrication of products from loosely assembled fibers. For example, the disclosure describes cured and uncured binders useful in the fabrication of products from loosely assembled glass fibers. The disclosure also describes methods of fabricating products from loosely assembled fibers utilizing the aforementioned binders.

  本公开涉及用于制造松散组装纤维制品的固化和未固化粘结剂。例如，本公开描述了用于制造松散组装玻璃纤维制品的固化和未固化粘结剂。本公开还描述了利用上述粘结剂制造松散组装纤维制品的方法。