Structure−Property Relationships of Stable Free Radicals: Verdazyls with Electron-Rich Aryl Substituents
摘要:
Substitution of the 3 position of 6-oxoverdazyl free radicals with electron-rich arylamines, phenols, and aryl ethers elicits changes in the UV-vis spectra and in the pK(a) of the aryl substituents consistent with the verdazyl being electron withdrawing. The pK(a) of substituents is decreased: in 80% methanol phenols 3a and 3b have pK(a) of 10.4 and 10.9, respectively, while the ammonium ion from protonation of 3j has pK(a) = 2.4. On the basis of these measurements, Hammett parameters for the verdazyl have been estimated: sigma(-)(p) = +0.48 and sigma(m) = +0.27. The longest wavelength band in the visible spectrum is red-shifted with increasingly electron-rich aromatic rings and with increasingly polar solvents, consistent with a transition from the highest fully occupied orbital to the radical SOMO. Exceptions occur when additional interactions occur between verdazyl and substituent; hydrogen bonding in the case of 3c and steric interference for X Measurements such as ESR and electrochemistry that are dependent largely on the SOMO are relatively insensitive to changes in substituent.
Structure−Property Relationships of Stable Free Radicals: Verdazyls with Electron-Rich Aryl Substituents
作者:Victoria Chemistruck、Dallas Chambers、David J. R. Brook
DOI:10.1021/jo8019829
日期:2009.3.6
Substitution of the 3 position of 6-oxoverdazyl free radicals with electron-rich arylamines, phenols, and aryl ethers elicits changes in the UV-vis spectra and in the pK(a) of the aryl substituents consistent with the verdazyl being electron withdrawing. The pK(a) of substituents is decreased: in 80% methanol phenols 3a and 3b have pK(a) of 10.4 and 10.9, respectively, while the ammonium ion from protonation of 3j has pK(a) = 2.4. On the basis of these measurements, Hammett parameters for the verdazyl have been estimated: sigma(-)(p) = +0.48 and sigma(m) = +0.27. The longest wavelength band in the visible spectrum is red-shifted with increasingly electron-rich aromatic rings and with increasingly polar solvents, consistent with a transition from the highest fully occupied orbital to the radical SOMO. Exceptions occur when additional interactions occur between verdazyl and substituent; hydrogen bonding in the case of 3c and steric interference for X Measurements such as ESR and electrochemistry that are dependent largely on the SOMO are relatively insensitive to changes in substituent.