Molecular Determinants of Biased Agonism at the Dopamine D2Receptor
摘要:
The development of biased (functionally selective) ligands Provides a formidable challenge in medicinal chemistry. In an effort to learn to design functionally selective molecular tools for the highly therapeutically relevant dopamine D-2 receptor, we synthesized a collection of agonists based on structurally distinct head groups derived from canonical or atypical dopaminergic pharmacophores. The test compounds feature a long lipophilic appendage that was shown to mediate biased signaling. By employing functional assays and molecular dynamics simulations, we could show that atypical dopamine surrogates of type 1 and 2 promote biased signaling, while ligands built from classical dopaminergic head groups (type 3 and 4) typically elicit more balanced signaling profiles. Besides this, we found a strong influence of the stereochemistry of type 4 aminotetraline-derived agonists on functional selectivity at D-2 receptors. Whereas the (S)-enantiomer behaved as a full agonist, the biased ligand (R)-4 induced poor G protein coupling but substantial beta-arrestin recruitment.
Molecular Determinants of Biased Agonism at the Dopamine D2Receptor
摘要:
The development of biased (functionally selective) ligands Provides a formidable challenge in medicinal chemistry. In an effort to learn to design functionally selective molecular tools for the highly therapeutically relevant dopamine D-2 receptor, we synthesized a collection of agonists based on structurally distinct head groups derived from canonical or atypical dopaminergic pharmacophores. The test compounds feature a long lipophilic appendage that was shown to mediate biased signaling. By employing functional assays and molecular dynamics simulations, we could show that atypical dopamine surrogates of type 1 and 2 promote biased signaling, while ligands built from classical dopaminergic head groups (type 3 and 4) typically elicit more balanced signaling profiles. Besides this, we found a strong influence of the stereochemistry of type 4 aminotetraline-derived agonists on functional selectivity at D-2 receptors. Whereas the (S)-enantiomer behaved as a full agonist, the biased ligand (R)-4 induced poor G protein coupling but substantial beta-arrestin recruitment.
The present invention relates to modulators of metalloproteinase activity.
本发明涉及金属蛋白酶活性调节剂。
Substituted glutarimides and their use as inhibitors of IL-12 production
申请人:GRUENENTHAL GmbH
公开号:US20030064987A1
公开(公告)日:2003-04-03
Substituted glutarimides of formula I
1
and their method of making. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the glutarimidie, particularly as immunomodulators and as inhibitors of angiopathies, or haematological or oncological diseases, as well as a method for treating various diseases using the glutarimides.
Urea derivative, process for producing the same, and use
申请人:Kubo Keiji
公开号:US20070093501A1
公开(公告)日:2007-04-26
The present invention provides a urea derivative or a salt thereof, which is useful as a therapeutic agent for thrombosis. The derivative is represented by Formula (I):
wherein Cy is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may be substituted; R
1
is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted; V is —C(O)—, —S(O)—, or —S(O)
2
—; W is —N(R
2
)—, —O—, or a bond (wherein R
2
is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted); X is alkylene which may be substituted; Y is —C(O)—, —S(O)—, or —S(O)
2
—; Z is a bond, a chain hydrocarbon group which may be substituted, or —N═; ring A is a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which may be substituted; ring B is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which may be substituted; and
[Chemical formula 2]
,
are each independently a single bond or a double bond; provided that R
1
may be bonded to R
2
to form a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring and that R
2
may be bonded to a substituent of X to form a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which may be substituted.